38-GHz Phased Array Transmitter and Receiver Based on Scalable Phased Array Modules With Endfire Antenna Arrays for 5G MMW Data Links

Chen, Chun-Nien; Lin, Yi-Hsien; Hung, Li-Cheng; Tang, Tzu-Chien; Chao, Wei-Pang; Chuang, Po-Ya; Lin, Guan-Yu; Liao, Weijun; Nien, Yu-Hsiang; Huang, Wei‐Cheng; Kuo, Tai-Yu; Lin, Kuan-Ting; Huang, Tian-Wei; Lu, Hsin-Chia; Tsai, Tsong-Chang; Wang, Huei

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2020.3035091

Cited by 68 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The improvement investigated in these experiments reveals a hint that for a very high frequency such as 28 GHz or beyond, suppressing the leakage of the wireless energy in the transmission-line can make difference in the quality of mobile communication, which should be treated with handling loss from materials and high-order coupling [20]. In other's ways to observe the functions of 5G communication, it is hard to explicitly see the roles of components in a full system [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Their antenna beams are steered by active phase-shifter chips, but this paper uses the feed-networks.…”

Section: -By-4 Array Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation on Beam Alignment of a Microstrip-Line Butler Matrix and an SIW Butler Matrix for 5G Beamforming Antennas through RF-to-RF Wireless Sensing and 64-QAM Tests

Jeon

Seo

Cho

et al. 2021

Sensors

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In this paper, an intuitive approach to assessing advantages of beamforming in 5G wireless communication is proposed as a novel try and practical demonstration of importance of alignment between the transmitter’s and receiver’s beams working in millimeter-wave frequency bands. Since the diffraction loss of millimeter-wave signals matters seriously in propagation, the effects of the misalignment and alignment between beams need to be checked for, which was conducted with a horn antenna and the 4 × 4 Butler matrix which mimic the relationship of the base station and handset antennas. Designing and using the microstrip-line and the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) Butler matrices, RF-to-RF wireless connectivity between the horn and the microstrip line beamformer as case 1 and the horn and the SIW beamformer as case 2, concerning the changing angle of the beam from either of the two Butler matrices, was tested, showing over 12 dB enhancement in received power. This direct electromagnetic link test was accompanied by examining 64-QAM constellations for beam-angle changing from −30° to +30° for the two cases, where the error vector magnitude in the QAM-diagram becomes less than 10% by beam-alignment for the changing angle.

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Section: -By-4 Array Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their antenna beams are steered by active phase-shifter chips, but this paper uses the feed-networks. As the expensive systems e.g., [23][24][25][28][29][30][31], the system-level view on the millimeter-wave structure is watched with the QAM and constellations.…”

Section: -By-4 Array Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on Beam Alignment of a Microstrip-Line Butler Matrix and an SIW Butler Matrix for 5G Beamforming Antennas through RF-to-RF Wireless Sensing and 64-QAM Tests

Jeon

Seo

Cho

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…To compensate the link budget, high-gainand by corollary narrowbeamantennas will be employed. Notably, the development of phased-array antennas (PAAs) at mmWave [1]- [3], which coherently phase the array antennas to synthesize pencilbeamsbeams with array gain in excess of 18 dB and with beamwidth of a just a few degreesthat are electronically steerable to provide omnidirectional coverage, has ushered in the 5G revolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Markov Multi-Beamtracking on 60 GHz Mobile Channel Measurements

Blandino

Senic

Gentile

et al. 2022

IEEE Open J. Veh. Technol.

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Beamforming training refers to the exhaustive scan over which the transmitter and receiver jointly steer their beams along a predefined set of double-directional angles to determine the beam pairs that coincide with the dominant propagation paths of the channel, for millimeter-wave spatial multiplexing at millimeter-wave. When mobile, training necessitates a high refresh rate to maintain connectivity and so, to reduce overhead, beamtracking algorithms exploit the spatial-temporal consistency of the channel to localize the scan around the beam pairs determined at a previous time. The algorithms' true performance, however, is still unknown since results reported to date are based on oversimplified channel models. In this paper, we propose a novel beamtracking algorithm formulated as a first-order Markov process that supports multiple beam pairs. The algorithm is evaluated through actual channel measurementsnot a channel modelrecorded with our high-precision 3D double-directional 60 GHz channel sounder. The measurement campaign, to our knowledge, is unprecedented: with 10,895 large-scale measurements, spaced 8.8 cm apart on average to emulate continuous motion, over which the mobile receiver traversed a total of 900.2 m. We demonstrate that four beam pairs can be sustained always and that eight pairs can be sustained 57% of the time.

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“…Depending the number of modular antennas are used or the type of modular antenna, different directivity values [17], [19] or bandwidth [18] can be achieved. Instead of modularity in a horizontal plane as presented in the previous works, vertical modularity has also been reported in the literature [20], [21] to produce phased array with endfire radiation. However, the possible connection between the different stacked layers becomes more complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 1-to-8 Fully Modular Stacked SIW Antenna Array for Millimeter-Wave Applications

Segura-Gómez¹,

Palomares‐Caballero²,

Padilla³

2022

Preprint

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This paper presents a vertically stacked SIW antenna array that enables different array configurations with the minimum number of SIW layers. This achievement lies in the modular feature offered by the proposed design. Specifically, 4 distinct array configurations can be produced with only 3 different design of SIW layers. Depending on the number of SIW layers employed in the stacked antenna, the directivity in the E-plane of radiation is modified. To obtain an equal and in-phase power distribution among the array elements, H- and E-plane corporate feeding networks are efficiently implemented in each array configuration. Array configurations of 1, 2, 4 and 8 radiating layers are offered by the proposed modular array, where each radiating layer is formed by 8 H-plane SIW horn antennas. The simulated directivity for the array configurations ranges from 15.8 dBi to 23.8 dBi and the main beam direction remains fixed along the operating frequency band. The array design has been manufactured and proper agreement between simulated and measured results are observed. The measured impedance bandwidth in all the array configurations is from 35 GHz to 41 GHz (15.79% bandwidth) with a reduction in the E-plane beamwidth as the number of radiating layers increases.

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38-GHz Phased Array Transmitter and Receiver Based on Scalable Phased Array Modules With Endfire Antenna Arrays for 5G MMW Data Links

Cited by 68 publications

References 26 publications

Investigation on Beam Alignment of a Microstrip-Line Butler Matrix and an SIW Butler Matrix for 5G Beamforming Antennas through RF-to-RF Wireless Sensing and 64-QAM Tests

Investigation on Beam Alignment of a Microstrip-Line Butler Matrix and an SIW Butler Matrix for 5G Beamforming Antennas through RF-to-RF Wireless Sensing and 64-QAM Tests

Markov Multi-Beamtracking on 60 GHz Mobile Channel Measurements

A 1-to-8 Fully Modular Stacked SIW Antenna Array for Millimeter-Wave Applications

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