[38] Assay of corticotropin releasing factor

Vale, Wylie; Vaughan, Joan; Yamamoto, Gayle; Bruhn, Thomas; Douglas, Carolyn J.; Dalton, David; Rivier, Catherine; Rivier, Jean

doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(83)03040-2

Cited by 259 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Detection and quantification of CRF was adapted from Vale et al (1983). This procedure of CRF measurement is based on competitive binding radioimmunoassay, and was validated with independent HPLC studies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase of extracellular corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity levels in the amygdala of awake rats during restraint stress and ethanol withdrawal as measured by microdialysis

et al. 1995

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Previous research has suggested a role for corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the anxiogenic effects of stressful stimuli and ethanol withdrawal. This hypothesis was explored in a series of experiments using intracranial microdialysis to monitor CRF-like immunoreactivity (CRF-IR) in the extracellular compartment of the rat amygdala. The synaptic origin of CRF-IR release in the amygdala was determined in vitro by assessing the Ca2+ dependency of 4-aminopyridine stimulated CRF-IR release from tissue preparations of rat amygdala. In vivo experiments were performed in awake rats after the placement of microdialysis probes in the amygdala. In the first experiment, transient restraint stress (20 min) produced an increase of CRF-IR release (basal levels, 1.19 +/- 0.15 fmol/50 microliters; stress levels, 4.54 +/- 1.33 fmol/50 microliters; p < 0.05) that returned to basal values within 1 hr. When 4-aminopyridine (5 mM) was added to the perfusion medium, it consistently increased CRF-IR release (4.83 +/- 0.92 fmol/50 microliters, p < 0.05). In the second experiment, CRF-IR release was measured during ethanol withdrawal in rats previously maintained for 2–3 weeks on a liquid diet containing ethanol (8.5%). Basal CRF-IR levels were 2.10 +/- 0.43 fmol/50 microliters in ethanol exposed rats and 1.30 +/- 0.19 fmol/50 microliters in control rats. During withdrawal, a progressive increase of CRF-IR levels over time was observed, reaching peak values at 10–12 hr after the onset of withdrawal (10.65 +/- 0.49 fmol/50 microliters vs 1.15 +/- 0.30 fmol/50 microliters of control rats, p < 0.01).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase of extracellular corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity levels in the amygdala of awake rats during restraint stress and ethanol withdrawal as measured by microdialysis

et al. 1995

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“…Cultures of dispersed rat anterior pituitary cells were prepared as described elsewhere (Vale et al 1983) and 5 x l0 s cells were plated onto LabTek two-well culture slides. They were fixed by immersion with 4% paraformaldehyde IpH 9.5 at 4~ for 15 min.…”

Section: Tissue Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pituitary cell phenotypes involve cell-specific Pit-1 mRNA translation and synergistic interactions with other classes of transcription factors.

Simmons¹,

Voss²,

Ingraham³

et al. 1990

Genes Dev.

625

333

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Development of the anterior pituitary gland involves proliferation and differentiation of ectodermal cells in Rathke's pouch to generate five distinct cell types that are defined by the trophic hormones they produce. A detailed ontogenetic analysis of specific gene expression has revealed novel aspects of organogenesis in this model system. The expression of transcripts encoding the alpha-subunit common to three pituitary glycoprotein hormones in the single layer of somatic ectoderm on embryonic day 11 established that primordial pituitary cell commitment occurs prior to formation of a definitive Rathke's pouch. Activation of Pit-1 gene expression occurs as an organ-specific event, with Pit-1 transcripts initially detected in anterior pituitary cells on embryonic day 15. Levels of Pit-1 protein closely parallel those of Pit-1 transcripts without a significant lag. Unexpectedly, Pit-1 transcripts remain highly expressed in all five cell types of the mature pituitary gland, but the Pit-1 protein is detected in only three cell types--lactotrophs, somatotrophs, and thyrotrophs and not in gonadotrophs or corticotrophs. The presence of Pit-1 protein in thyrotrophs suggests that combinatorial actions of specific activating and restricting factors act to confine prolactin and growth hormone gene expression to lactotrophs and somatotrophs, respectively. A linkage between the initial appearance of Pit-1 protein and the surprising coactivation of prolactin and growth hormone gene expression is consistent with the model that Pit-1 is responsible for the initial transcriptional activation of both genes. The estrogen receptor, which has been reported to be activated in a stereotypic fashion subsequent to the appearance of Pit-1, appears to be capable, in part, of mediating the progressive increase in prolactin gene expression characteristic of the mature lactotroph phenotype. This is a consequence of synergistic transcriptional effects with Pit-1, on the basis of binding of the estrogen receptor to a response element in the prolactin gene distal enhancer. These data imply that both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of Pit-1 gene expression and combinatorial actions with other classes of transcription factors activated in distinct temporal patterns, are required for the mature physiological patterns of gene expression that define distinct cell types within the anterior pituitary gland.

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“…by modification of Vale and colleagues (Vale et al, 1983b). For this reason cartridges were preconditioned with 6 ml TEAF (1 % formic acid with triethylamine, pH 3.0)/ acetonitrile (4/6, v/v) and 6 ml TEAF alone.…”

Section: Extraction and Chromatographic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site-specific overexpression of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the mouse brain – modelling central CRH system hyperactivity

Steiner²,

Engelholm³

et al. 2005

Pharmacopsychiatry

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[38] Assay of corticotropin releasing factor

Cited by 259 publications

References 4 publications

Increase of extracellular corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity levels in the amygdala of awake rats during restraint stress and ethanol withdrawal as measured by microdialysis

Increase of extracellular corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity levels in the amygdala of awake rats during restraint stress and ethanol withdrawal as measured by microdialysis

Pituitary cell phenotypes involve cell-specific Pit-1 mRNA translation and synergistic interactions with other classes of transcription factors.

Site-specific overexpression of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the mouse brain – modelling central CRH system hyperactivity

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