38.3: Predicting Color Breakup on Field‐Sequential Displays: Part 2

Post, David L.; Nagy, Allen L.; Monnier, Patrick; Calhoun, Christopher S.

doi:10.1889/1.1833662

Cited by 31 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…This can yield the visual impression that colors in a moving object are spatially misaligned, a phenomenon called color breakup [23][24][25]. Color breakup occurs when colors are presented sequentially (as in single-chip DLP projectors [26,27]).…”

Section: Color Breakupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereoscopic 3D display with color interlacing improves perceived depth

Kim¹,

Johnson²,

Banks³

2014

Opt. Express

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Temporal interlacing is a method for presenting stereoscopic 3D content whereby the two eyes' views are presented at different times and optical filtering selectively delivers the appropriate view to each eye. This approach is prone to distortions in perceived depth because the visual system can interpret the temporal delay between binocular views as spatial disparity. We propose a novel color-interlacing display protocol that reverses the order of binocular presentation for the green primary but maintains the order for the red and blue primaries: During the first subframe, the left eye sees the green component of the left-eye view and the right eye sees the red and blue components of the right-eye view, and vice versa during the second sub-frame. The proposed method distributes the luminance of each eye's view more evenly over time. Because disparity estimation is based primarily on luminance information, a more even distribution of luminance over time should reduce depth distortion. We conducted a psychophysical experiment to test these expectations and indeed found that less depth distortion occurs with color interlacing than temporal interlacing.

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Section: Color Breakupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereoscopic 3D display with color interlacing improves perceived depth

Kim¹,

Johnson²,

Banks³

2014

Opt. Express

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“…5 Avoiding color break-up for RGB field-sequential displays in the presence of rapid eye movements requires color field rates well in excess of those needed to eliminate flicker and can easily exceed 1000 Hz when the display luminance and contrast are high. 6,7,8 The current "de facto" standard for sequential color field rates is in the range of 360-480 fieldsper-second, although many observers still perceive color break-up when viewing such displays with high-contrast, highluminance source material. 5,9 These high field rates impose severe bandwidth requirements on field-sequential displays and make the temporal isolation of primary color image fields very difficult.…”

Section: Field-sequential Color Projection Displaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the perceptual impact of the temporal component in such a hybrid spatial-temporal approach to color synthesis, prior research has found perceived color break-up is strongly determined by the luminance and contrast of the alternating color fields. 7,12 Since the R/G field contains both of the high luminance and high contrast components and alternates in time with the temporally diffuse and low luminance B field, perceived color break-up is largely mitigated and required field rates will primarily be determined by flicker. Temporal frequencies required to preclude observable flicker reach an asymptote at approximately 80 Hz even for fully modulated temporal waveforms at high levels of retinal illuminance.…”

Section: Synthesizing Colors In Both Space and Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Display color synthesis in the space-time continuum

Silverstein

2010

SPIE Proceedings

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A common problem for all color displays, regardless of whether they are of the self-luminous or non-self-luminous type, is the synthesis of a full-color image from a limited set of primary colors. Several approaches to color synthesis have been employed for electronic displays. The most successful of these conform to the principles of additive color mixture and include optical superposition, spatial synthesis and temporal synthesis. In order to understand the principles of color generation in electronic display systems, as well as the relative strengths and weaknesses of synthesizing color in the space and time domains, I first consider the visual bases which allow such color synthesis to occur. Although basic approaches to color synthesis have served the evolution of display technology well up to recent times, I present the argument that the continued evolution of display technology toward higher display resolution and enhanced color quality has exposed the limitations of both spatial color synthesis and temporal color synthesis and raises questions as to whether either method for synthesizing color can alone fully satisfy the ever increasing demands on display image quality. Clearly, new approaches to color synthesis are needed to sustain the evolution of display technology, and I describe recent concepts with the potential for pushing the horizons of color display image quality and reducing the costs of future color displays. These include hybrid spatial-temporal color synthesis and 3D color synthesis as well as variants of these approaches.

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“…Additional development work is needed to reduce this and other temporal artifacts in these types of digital displays, particularly for HMDs, where head motion may exacerbate the problem. These artifacts can be predicted when the temporal characteristics, and other properties of the display, are known (Lindholm & Scharine, 2000;Post, Nagy, Monnier, & Calhoun, 1998 Another promising display technology is the flexible flat panel. These displays are currently under development by a number of organizations (Crawford, 2004).…”

Section: Current Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No Yes Weight/ center gravity (cg) (including helmet or headband) < 3 lbs with cg < 2 inches in front of y-axis of head 8 < 4 lbs with cg < 2 inches in front of y-axis of head Keller and Colucci (1998); 8 Melzer & Moffitt (1997) *untested but based in part on data of Winterbottom et al (2004) may reduce motion blur by roughly 90%; **untested but based on data of Winterbottom et al (2004) may reduce motion blur by roughly 50%; ***untested but based on equation provided by Post et al (1998) should prevent noticable color break-up for speeds up to approximately 160 degrees/sec; ****untested but based on equation provided by Post et al (1998) should prevent noticable color break-up for speeds up to approximately 7 degrees/sec; † Partly an IG requirement, however refresh rate should match update rate (Lindholm & Martin, 1993); † † Current display refresh/update rate, display refresh rate should match IG update rate (Lindholm & Martin, 1993); Matching field of view of human visual system; Air…”

Section: Summary Of Hmd Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helmet-Mounted Displays for Use in Air Force Training and Simulation

Winterbottom¹,

Patterson²,

Pierce³

2005

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)AFRL; AFRL/HEA SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S)Air ABSTRACTThis report provides a review and analysis of the published literature on head-mounted displays (HMDs). In particular, we discuss several key perceptual issues that are relevant to the use of HMDs. The issues discussed are: (1) brightness and contrast; (2) accommodationvergence synergy; (3) field of view; (4) binocular input; and (5) head movements. This review of the literature is intended to anticipate and solve perceptual issues associated with two particular HMD applications: (1) simulation of off-bore sight (OBS) targeting and (2) full fieldof-view out-the-window (OTW) simulation for deployable flight training. Additionally, several technology issues important to the continued development of HMDs are discussed. This report concludes with a set of recommendations for the design and use of HMDs for OBS and OTW flight training applications.

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38.3: Predicting Color Breakup on Field‐Sequential Displays: Part 2

Cited by 31 publications

References 1 publication

Stereoscopic 3D display with color interlacing improves perceived depth

Stereoscopic 3D display with color interlacing improves perceived depth

Display color synthesis in the space-time continuum

Helmet-Mounted Displays for Use in Air Force Training and Simulation

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