360° on Chip Optical Beam Steering Based on Superposition of Planar Spiral Orbital Angular Momentum Waves

Zeng, Shihao; Zhang, Yanfeng; Zhu, Jiangbo; Wu, Zeru; Chen, Yujie; Yu, Siyuan

doi:10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2019.8873009

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…To date, integrated OPAs typically use one-dimensional (1D) linear arrays [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ] and two-dimensional (2D) planar arrays with either rectangular [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ] or circular [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ] arrangements. For 1D arrays, wavelength-dependent grating nano-antennas are typically used for beam steering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Circular OPAs are promising alternatives to 1D linear and 2D rectangular arrays, where a circular array can offer a large steering range and high resolution concurrently [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. For circular OPAs, the high resolution and wide scanning can be obtained with efficient sidelobe suppression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this, we numerically investigated two different circular arrays arranged radially. Compared to the other circular arrangements [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], our proposed OPAs are fed by a central circular grating coupler with a high coupling efficiency. Leveraging radially positioned nano-antennas and an efficient central grating coupler, the circular OPAs can yield an aliasing-free azimuthal FOV of 360°.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circular Optical Phased Arrays with Radial Nano-Antennas

et al. 2022

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On-chip optical phased arrays (OPAs) are the enabling technology for diverse applications, ranging from optical interconnects to metrology and light detection and ranging (LIDAR). To meet the required performance demands, OPAs need to achieve a narrow beam width and wide-angle steering, along with efficient sidelobe suppression. A typical OPA configuration consists of either one-dimensional (1D) linear or two-dimensional (2D) rectangular arrays. However, the presence of grating sidelobes from these array configurations in the far-field pattern limits the aliasing-free beam steering, when the antenna element spacing is larger than half of a wavelength. In this work, we provide numerical analysis for 2D circular OPAs with radially arranged nano-antennas. The circular array geometry is shown to effectively suppress the grating lobes, expand the range for beam steering and obtain narrower beamwidths, while increasing element spacing to about 10 μm. To allow for high coupling efficiency, we propose the use of a central circular grating coupler to feed the designed circular OPA. Leveraging radially positioned nano-antennas and an efficient central grating coupler, our design can yield an aliasing-free azimuthal field of view (FOV) of 360°, while the elevation angle FOV is limited by the far-field beamwidth of the nano-antenna element and its array arrangement. With a main-to-sidelobe contrast ratio of 10 dB, a 110-element OPA offers an elevation FOV of 5° and an angular beamwidth of 1.14°, while an 870-element array provides an elevation FOV up to 20° with an angular beamwidth of 0.35°. Our analysis suggests that the performance of the circular OPAs can be further improved by integrating more elements, achieving larger aliasing-free FOV and narrower beamwidths. Our proposed design paves a new way for the development of on-chip OPAs with large 2D beam steering and high resolutions in communications and LIDAR systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circular Optical Phased Arrays with Radial Nano-Antennas

et al. 2022

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“…To remove the grating sidelobes and improve the beam-steering performance, circular OPAs have been proposed and represent an important choice [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. Surprisingly, only limited preliminary work on photonic implementation of circular array has been reported to date [39][40][41], apart from bio-inspired solutions [31], non-photonic-based concepts [32], and optimization-driven circular schemes [33][34][35][36][37]. Indeed, compared to the conventional 1-D/2-D counterparts, the use of circular arrays holds great promise to advance the overall steering performance by improving the FOV ideally up to 2π sr.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circular Optical Phased Array with Large Steering Range and High Resolution

Benedikovič

Liu

Sánchez‐Postigo

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Light detection and ranging systems based on optical phased arrays and integrated silicon photonics have sparked a surge of applications over the recent years. This includes applications in sensing, free-space communications, or autonomous vehicles, to name a few. Herein, we report a design of two-dimensional optical phased arrays, which are arranged in a grid of concentric rings. We numerically investigate two designs composed of 110 and 820 elements, respectively. Both single-wavelength (1550 nm) and broadband multi-wavelength (1535 nm to 1565 nm) operations are studied. The proposed phased arrays enable free-space beam steering, offering improved performance with narrow beam divergences of only 0.5° and 0.22° for the 110-element and 820-element arrays, respectively, with a main-to-sidelobe suppression ratio higher than 10 dB. The circular array topology also allows large element spacing far beyond the sub-wavelength-scaled limits that are present in one-dimensional linear or two-dimensional rectangular arrays. Under a single-wavelength operation, a solid-angle steering between 0.21π sr and 0.51π sr is obtained for 110- and 820-element arrays, respectively, while the beam steering spans the range of 0.24π sr and 0.57π sr for a multi-wavelength operation. This work opens new opportunities for future optical phased arrays in on-chip photonic applications, in which fast, high-resolution, and broadband beam steering is necessary.

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