[35] The acute phase response: An overview

Kushner, Irving

doi:10.1016/0076-6879(88)63037-0

Cited by 266 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Pentameric native CRP is synthesized and secreted mainly by hepatocytes into the blood (8,9). Pentameric CRP can be dissociated into free subunits through non-enzymatic chemical manipulations in vitro (21) and is apparently formed in vivo by a yet unidentified mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C-reactive protein (CRP), 1 a prototypical acute phase reactant, is a member of the pentraxin family of highly conserved cyclic pentameric proteins (8,9). Despite extensive studies spanning several decades, the exact role and mechanism of action of CRP as a modulator of inflammation has not been well defined, as both pro-and anti-inflammatory actions have been reported (8 -15).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Loss of Pentameric Symmetry of C-reactive Protein Is Associated with Delayed Apoptosis of Human Neutrophils

Khreiss

József

Hossain

et al. 2002

Journal of Biological Chemistry

143

164

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Human neutrophil granulocytes die rapidly, and their survival is contingent upon rescue from programmed cell death by signals from the environment. Here we report that a novel signal for delaying neutrophil apoptosis is the classic acute phase reactant, C-reactive protein (CRP). However, this anti-apoptotic activity is expressed only when the cyclic pentameric structure of CRP is lost, resulting in formation of modified or monomeric CRP (mCRP), which may be formed in inflamed tissues. By contrast, native pentameric CRP and CRP peptides 77-82, 174 -185, and 201-206 failed to affect neutrophil apoptosis. The apoptosis delaying action of mCRP was markedly attenuated by an antibody against the low affinity IgG immune complex receptor (CD16) but not by an anti-CD32 antibody. mCRP evoked a transient concurrent activation of the extracellular signalregulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathways, leading to inhibition of caspase-3 and consequently to delaying apoptosis. Consistently, pharmacological inhibition of either ERK or Akt reversed the anti-apoptotic action of mCRP; however, they did not produce additive inhibition. Thus, mCRP, but not pentameric CRP or peptides derived from CRP, promotes neutrophil survival and may therefore contribute to amplification of the inflammatory response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of Pentameric Symmetry of C-reactive Protein Is Associated with Delayed Apoptosis of Human Neutrophils

Khreiss

József

Hossain

et al. 2002

Journal of Biological Chemistry

143

164

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“…This organ controls the plasma levels of acute phase proteins (APP) during the critical stages of inflammatory or infectious diseases. The concentration of these proteins increases or decreases within hours or days after the onset of these processes [3,19,20]. Studies have shown important variation in the APP response among species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown important variation in the APP response among species. APP were first characterised in humans [20], rodents [19,22] and later in other animal species, such as pigs [13,21]. Clinical use of APP determination has been proposed in veterinary medicine to determine the health status of farm animals in various production processes [14,28,39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pig Major Acute-Phase Protein and apolipoprotein A-I responses correlate with the clinical course of experimentally induced African Swine Fever and Aujeszky's disease

et al. 2007

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-In the present work, we studied the acute phase protein response after experimental virus infection in pigs. The animals were experimentally infected with African Swine Fever (ASF) or Aujeszky's disease (AD) viruses. The clinical course of ASF infection correlated with increasingly high levels of pig Major Acute-phase Protein (pig-MAP) (mean value of 6 mg/mL on day 6 post infection (p.i.), from 6 to 9 times higher than day 0) and sharp apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) decrease (mean value of 0.5 mg/mL, from 4 to 10 times lower than day 0 on day 4 p.i.). AD-clinical signs appeared at day 3 p.i., both in vaccinated (moderate clinical signs) and non-vaccinated pigs (severe outcome within 48 h p.i.). Pig-MAP and apo A-I profiles also followed clinical signs (changing from 0.70 mg/mL to around 3 mg/mL and from around 3 mg/mL to 0.96 mg/mL, respectively in non-vaccinated animals), with minor changes in concentration in the vaccinated group. Haptoglobin levels significantly increased in ASF and AD infected animals (mean maximum values of 2.77 and 3.96 mg/mL, respectively). Minor differences for the C-Reactive Protein in the case of ASF were observed, whereas its concentration increased more than 7 times in AD-infection. The albumin level was not modified in either case. The correlation of clinical signs to our data suggests the potential use of pig-MAP and apo A-I in monitoring infections in swine.

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“…They share extensive sequence and structural homology (Emsley et al, 1994;Gerwurz et al, 1995;Shrive et al, 1996) and are differentiated based on function; those that bind best to phosphocholine (PC) are CRP-like (Volanakis and Kaplan, 1971;Anderson et al, 1978) while those that bind best to phosphoethanolamine (PE) are serum amyloid P-component (SAP)-like (Hind et al, 1985;Schwalbe et al, 1992). Most animals make both but usually only one is an acute phase reactant (Kushner and Mackiewicz, 1993), thus in humans within hours after an inflammatory insult, blood CRP level rises dramatically but SAP does not (Kushner, 1982;Pepys and Baltz, 1983;Kushner and Mackiewicz, 1993), whereas in mice SAP increases with kinetics and magnitude like CRP in humans (Pepys et al, 1979). Unique among mammals, mouse CRP is always a trace blood component (Bodmer and Siboo, 1977;Whitehead et al, 1990).…”

Section: What Is Crp?mentioning

confidence: 99%

C‐Reactive Protein (CRP) and Autoimmune Disease: Facts and Conjectures

Szalai

2000

Journal of Immunology Research

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C-reactive protein (CRP) is a blood component comprised of five identical subunits with a combined molecular mass of 110 kDa; in the presence of Ca þ þ it binds phosphocholine (PC) with high affinity. Ligand-bound CRP activates complement and the protein reportedly binds various Fc receptors. Coincident with a now decade-long resurgence in clinical interest in associations of CRP with disease, our laboratory has been investigating the biology of CRP in vivo using human CRP transgenic mice (CRPtg). At that time we confirmed that CRP affects a host defense function mediated at least in part through the elimination of pathogens. Less appreciated and not as well understood as CRP's ability to bind antigen and aid in the elimination of microbes, is its known ability to bind autoantigens and presumed capacity to promote clearance of apoptotic cells. These latter properties of CRP have long been suspected to contribute to homeostasis and to autoimmune disease. In this article we review and update the evidence generated in CRPtg by our group and in vitro by others' that indicates CRP is more than just an antimicrobial molecule and convenient marker of inflammation-rather, it protects against autoimmunity. A mechanistic hypothesis is presented to account for this cause-and-effect relationship.

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[35] The acute phase response: An overview

Cited by 266 publications

References 65 publications

Loss of Pentameric Symmetry of C-reactive Protein Is Associated with Delayed Apoptosis of Human Neutrophils

Loss of Pentameric Symmetry of C-reactive Protein Is Associated with Delayed Apoptosis of Human Neutrophils

Pig Major Acute-Phase Protein and apolipoprotein A-I responses correlate with the clinical course of experimentally induced African Swine Fever and Aujeszky's disease

C‐Reactive Protein (CRP) and Autoimmune Disease: Facts and Conjectures

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