Health benefits of dietary chronobiotics: beyond resynchronizing internal clocks

Abstract

The internal circadian clock in mammals drives whole-body biological activity rhythms. The clock reflects changes in external signals by controlling enzyme functions and hormone release involved in metabolic processes. Thus,...

Chrononutrition—When We Eat Is of the Essence in Tackling Obesity

“…Plant polyphenols are one of the most abundant and widely distributed group of secondary metabolites driven from plants. A diverse range of polyphenolic compounds, including phenolic acids, flavanones, flavonoids, tannins, lignans, stilbenes and curcuminoids, have been associated with anti-obesity activities via a variety of mechanisms [ 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 ]. Although the exact mechanisms of their actions remain unclear and there are issues around their absorption, bioavailability and bio-accessibility, evidence suggests that some of the beneficial effects of these compounds are mediated by their ability to interact with circadian clocks via genetic/epigenetic mechanisms or indirectly via altering the gut microbiota ( Table 3 ) [ 136 , 137 ].…”

Chrono-communication and cardiometabolic health: The intrinsic relationship and therapeutic nutritional promises

“…Obviously, there are other nutraceutical compounds that could influence circadian machine regulating intestinal flora and bioactive molecules secretion (249). Recently, Huang et al proposed several nutraceutical molecules as chronobiotics (250): first data are promising but, as previously reported, were mainly obtained in vitro and in animal models, and therefore, it will be necessary to perform robust human studies especially in order to evaluate the bioavailability of these compounds, for example, resveratrol and other polyphenols characterized by low bioavailability. Moreover, it will be important to design closer investigations for specific diseases, such as different cardiovascular pathologies, to better understand extensive therapeutic action of different nutraceutical supplements.…”

Capsaicin ameliorates diet-induced disturbances of glucose homeostasis and gut microbiota in mice associated with the circadian clock

“…An impaired circadian clock could result in metabolic dysregulation; meanwhile, metabolic imbalance could also lead to misalignment of circadian rhythms in mammals. 4,5 To investigate the molecular mechanisms of CAP against glucose metabolism disorder, the mRNA expression levels of glucose metabolismrelated factors in the liver of mice over a 24 h period were evaluated, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (Pgc-1α, which played an important role in integrating the mammalian clock and energy metabolism), glucose transporter type 2 (Glut2, which could facilitate the transport of glucose and galactose across the cell membranes of tissues), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pc, a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucose-6phosphate to glucose and phosphate in the terminal step of gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis) and phosphoenolpyruvate kinase (Pepck, a gluconeogenic enzyme that allows hepatic parenchymal cells to produce glucose from pyruvate derived from amino acid metabolism). 6 Growing evidence indicates that the intestinal flora in humans exhibits rhythmic oscillations and is involved in maintaining the host's circadian rhythm.…”