Comparative Assessment of ADA, IDRS, and FINDRISC in Predicting Prediabetes and Diabetes Mellitus in South Indian Population

Abstract

Introduction Diabetes risk-screening tools are validated and implemented across various countries. There is a need for improvement in these risk scores with suitable modifications so as to make them more sensitive, specific, and suitable to the local population. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of the Indian diabetes risk score (IDRS), the American diabetic association (ADA) risk score, and the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score in healthy subjects of South Indian origin in predicting the risk of diabetes and to correlate these risk scores with the blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in the study population. Materials and Methods A total of 160 subjects attending the master health checkup/outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital were included in the study. Each subject was asked to fill a questionnaire. Details obtained using the questionnaire were assessed as per the three diabetic risk scores. Fasting blood sugar/random blood sugar and HbA1c were estimated. Statistical Analysis Used Data analysis was done using SPSS 22/23. Pearson correlation was used to compare continuous variables, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and Mitchell’s clinical utility indices were calculated for each risk tool. Results We found the prevalence of diabetes to be 11.9%. ADA risk score was the only risk score that showed a statistically significant difference (p-value = 0.05) between the low- and high-risk subjects. Conclusions ADA or IDRS risk scores can be used for screening diabetes in the South Indian population. We suggest that inclusion of the history of gestational diabetes and hypertension in the IDRS risk score might improve its sensitivity as a screening tool in our local population.

Expert opinion regarding early screening, patient awareness, and telemedicine practices in Indian settings

“…Consistent with this, Doddamani et al identified ADA as the preferred risk score for assessing diabetes in South India, revealing a reported diabetes prevalence of 11.9%. Notably, the ADA risk score was the sole method that showed a statistically significant difference (P= 0.05) between low-risk and high-risk patients with diabetes [12].…”

Comparison of triglyceride/glucose index and related parameters with Indian Diabetes Risk Score assessment in non-diabetic individuals visiting primary healthcare centre—A community-based cross-sectional study

“…Our study population showed 52.3% belonged to high-risk category and 47.7% belonged to moderate-risk category; this result was similar to the findings of Doddamani et al . [ 44 ] where 48.75% belonged to moderate IDRS risk category.…”

Factors influencing readiness of patients for the use of exogenous insulin for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

“…8 It is essential that proper insulin treatment is prescribed promptly to mitigate its effects and prevent further damage. 9 The increased global prevalence of diabetes mellitus has been reported in many studies and increasing prevalence day by day alarming increase risks and health complication. According to a study of 2015, >415 million adults have diabetes mellitus, and this number is estimated https://doi.org/10.29309/TPMJ/2023.30.06.7448 2 to increase to 642 million by 2040.…”