Garlic skin induces shifts in the rumen microbiome and metabolome of fattening lambs

Zhu, Wen; Su, Zhen; Xu, Wei; Sun, Hanxue; Gao, Jinfeng; Tu, Danfeng; Ren, Chunhuan; Zhang, Zijun; Cao, Hongguo

doi:10.1016/j.animal.2021.100216

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Indeed, garlic skin has been reported recently to affect bacterial communities. Accordingly, a recent report demonstrated that supplementation of garlic skin improved the growth performance of lambs by altering the ruminal bacterial composition by increasing the relative abundances of certain genera while decreasing others [37]. Garlic skin also improved the fermentation quality of high-moisture silages by increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus and decreasing the relative abundance of Clostridium [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Worth the Garlic Peel

Singiri

Swetha

Ben-Natan

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Plants have two types of reproduction: sexual, resulting in embryo production, and asexual, resulting in vegetative bodies commonly derived from stems and roots (e.g., bulb, tuber). Dead organs enclosing embryos (DOEEs, such as seed coat and pericarp) are emerging as central components of the dispersal unit acting to nurture the embryo and ensure its survival in the habitat. Here we wanted to investigate the properties of dead organs enclosing plant asexual reproductive bodies, focusing on the garlic (Allium sativum) bulb. We investigated the biochemical and biological properties of the outer peel enclosing the bulb and the inner peel enclosing the clove using various methodologies, including bioassays, proteomics, and metabolomics. The garlic peels differentially affected germination and post-germination growth, with the outer peel demonstrating a strong negative effect on seed germination of Sinapis alba and on post-germination growth of Brassica juncea. Proteome analysis showed that dead garlic peels possess 67 proteins, including chitinases and proteases, which retained their enzymatic activity. Among primary metabolites identified in garlic peels, the outer peel accumulated multiple sugars, including rhamnose, mannitol, sorbitol, and trehalose, as well as the modified amino acid 5-hydroxylysine, known as a major component of collagen, at a higher level compared to the clove and the inner peel. Growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was promoted by garlic peel extracts but inhibited by clove extract. All extracts strongly inhibited spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis. Thus, the garlic peels not only provide physical protection to vegetative offspring but also appear to function as a refined arsenal of proteins and metabolites for enhancing growth and development, combating potential pathogens, and conferring tolerance to abiotic stresses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Worth the Garlic Peel

Singiri

Swetha

Ben-Natan

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Therefore, our results were consistent with previous studies. It was interesting to notice that Howardella was associated with obesity (Zhu et al, 2021), which was also an important factor affecting semen quality and male infertility (Leisegang et al, 2021). TAX could decrease the abundance of Mogibacterium which promoted inflammation and is associated with obesity (Wu et al, 2018;Li Q. et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxifolin increased semen quality of Duroc boars by improving gut microbes and blood metabolites

et al. 2022

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Taxifolin (TAX), as a natural flavonoid, has been widely focused on due to its strong anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-virus, and even anti-tumor activity. However, the effect of TAX on semen quality was unknown. The purpose of this study was to analyze the beneficial influences of adding feed additive TAX to boar semen in terms of its quality and potential mechanisms. We discovered that TAX increased sperm motility significantly in Duroc boars by the elevation of the protein levels such as ZAG, PKA, CatSper, and p-ERK for sperm quality. TAX increased the blood concentration of testosterone derivatives, antioxidants such as melatonin and betaine, unsaturated fatty acids such as DHA, and beneficial amino acids such as proline. Conversely, TAX decreased 10 different kinds of bile acids in the plasma. Moreover, TAX increased “beneficial” microbes such as Intestinimonas, Coprococcus, Butyrivibrio, and Clostridium_XlVa at the Genus level. However, TAX reduced the “harmful” intestinal bacteria such as Prevotella, Howardella, Mogibacterium, and Enterococcus. There was a very close correlation between fecal microbes, plasma metabolites, and semen parameters by the spearman correlation analysis. Therefore, the data suggest that TAX increases the semen quality of Duroc boars by benefiting the gut microbes and blood metabolites. It is supposed that TAX could be used as a kind of feed additive to increase the semen quality of boars to enhance production performance.

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“…In recent years, plant-derived bioactive compounds (e.g., organosulphur, saponins, and tannins) with diverse biological activities have been investigated for their potential as alternatives to growth-promoting antibiotics in ruminant production [ 72 , 90 , 91 ] and their potential mechanism of action as rumen modulators and inhibitors of CH 4 production in the rumen [ 91 , 92 ]. To date, garlic supplementation in ruminant diets has shown a variable CH 4 reduction in both in vitro and in vivo studies [ 87 , 93 , 94 ]; these are summarised in Table 2 .…”

Section: Garlic and Ruminant Ch 4 Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Garlic and Its Bioactive Compounds: Implications for Methane Emissions and Ruminant Nutrition

Sari

Ray

Rymer

et al. 2022

Animals

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Methane (CH4) emission from enteric fermentation of ruminant livestock is a source of greenhouse gases (GHG) and has become a significant concern for global warming. Enteric methane emission is also associated with poor feed efficiency. Therefore, research has focused on identifying dietary mitigation strategies to decrease CH4 emissions from ruminants. In recent years, plant-derived bioactive compounds have been investigated for their potential to reduce CH4 emissions from ruminant livestock. The organosulphur compounds of garlic have been observed to decrease CH4 emission and increase propionate concentration in anaerobic fermentations (in vitro) and in the rumen (in vivo). However, the mode of action of CH4 reduction is not completely clear, and the response in vivo is inconsistent. It might be affected by variations in the concentration and effect of individual substances in garlic. The composition of the diet that is being fed to the animal may also contribute to these differences. This review provides a summary of the effect of garlic and its bioactive compounds on CH4 emissions by ruminants. Additionally, this review aims to provide insight into garlic and its bioactive compounds in terms of enteric CH4 mitigation efficacy, consistency in afficacy, possible mode of action, and safety deriving data from both in vivo and in vitro studies.

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Garlic skin induces shifts in the rumen microbiome and metabolome of fattening lambs

Cited by 20 publications

References 45 publications

What Worth the Garlic Peel

What Worth the Garlic Peel

Taxifolin increased semen quality of Duroc boars by improving gut microbes and blood metabolites

Garlic and Its Bioactive Compounds: Implications for Methane Emissions and Ruminant Nutrition

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