Association Between Injury Mechanisms and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Rectus Femoris Injuries in 105 Professional Football Players

Santos, Rafael Cristiano Geiss; Hellemnondt, Frank Van; Yamashiro, Eduardo; Holtzhausen, Louis; Farooq, Abdulaziz; Whiteley, Rodney; Tol, Johannes L.

doi:10.1097/jsm.0000000000000935

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…Re-injury (N = 30) Sprinting or running-related injury mechanisms accounted for 31% of all QMSIs and were more associated with acceleration and high intensity mechanisms. Similar findings have been reported in soccer, with 30.4% of rectus femoris injuries occurring from a sprinting mechanism, 28 and in elite track and field athletes where rectus femoris injuries occur when sprinting. 24 Electromyographic studies of sprinting have found the rectus femoris to be highly activated during the late stance and early swing period of the stride cycle.…”

Section: Match (%) Training (%) Other (%)supporting

confidence: 85%

“…Our results are consistent with findings in other sports, with 53% of kicking injuries in rugby union players occurring in the quadriceps 27 and 54% of rectus femoris injuries in soccer players occurring from a kicking mechanism. 28 During the most common kick used in Australian football, the drop punt, the rectus femoris of the kicking leg must moderate high eccentric forces through the wind-up phase (hip extension and knee flexion), before contracting concentrically during forward swing to rapidly accelerate the leg towards the ball (hip flexion and knee extension). 13,29 This action is similar to the instep soccer kick where peak rectus femoris activation occurs in the wind-up phase prior to ball contact.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of quadriceps muscle strain injuries in elite male Australian football players

Pietsch,

Green,

Schache

et al. 2023

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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ObjectiveTo describe the epidemiology of quadriceps muscle strain injury (QMSI) in elite Australian Football League (AFL) players, explore recovery milestones and determine whether recovery is impacted by factors such as injury type (index vs. re‐injury), the primary muscle injured and the mechanism of injury.MeasuresAll QMSI data reported to the Soft Tissue Injury Registry of the AFL from the 2014 to 2020 seasons were evaluated. Player demographic data, circumstances of injury, MRI reports and recovery outcomes following injury were extracted. Descriptive statistics and frequency distributions are presented. Recovery outcomes for injury type, primary muscle injured and the mechanism of injury were compared using univariate analyses.ResultsThere were 164 QMSIs from 122 players reported (134 index; 30 re‐injuries). Almost all (91.3%) QMSIs involved the rectus femoris. Half (48.4%) of the QMSIs occurred during kicking and most commonly affected the dominant kicking leg (72%). The majority occurred at training (64.6%). All re‐injuries involved the rectus femoris, most occurred from kicking (63.0%) and within 6 months of the preceding injury (70%). The mean return to play (RTP) time was 25.4 days (95%CI = 22.6–28.2) and rectus femoris injuries took around 14 days longer to RTP than vastii injuries (p = 0.001). QMSIs with a kicking mechanism took the longest to RTP of all injury mechanisms.ConclusionIn AFL players, QMSIs occur mostly in the dominant leg from a kicking mechanism. Rectus femoris injuries are more prevalent and result in longer RTP time frames. Re‐injuries exclusively involved the rectus femoris, primarily from kicking.

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Section: Match (%) Training (%) Other (%)supporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of quadriceps muscle strain injuries in elite male Australian football players

Pietsch,

Green,

Schache

et al. 2023

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…However, the moment of transition from maximal hip extension to hip flexion is likely to have potential for RF injury due to the high eccentric force production at long muscle lengths. This athletic position is common to both kicking sports and sprinting 20,24,42 A recent study in football players identified kicking as an injury mechanism in 54% of rectus femoris injuries with a sprinting mechanism in 30% 13 . Proximal free tendon injuries were only identified following the kicking mechanism and not sustained in sprinting in these footballers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In elite T&F, thigh muscle injury is consistently recorded as the principal injury type and quadriceps injuries account for up to 25% of those injuries 6,8–10 . Despite the injury burden, there are few studies specific to RF injury, and particularly RF injury outcome, within T&F 5,11–13 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time to return to full training and recurrence of rectus femoris injuries in elite track and field athletes 2010–2019; a 9‐year study using the British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification

McAleer

Macdonald²,

Lee

et al. 2022

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Rectus femoris (RF) injuries are common in sports requiring maximal acceleration and sprinting. The British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification (BAMIC) describes acute muscle injury based on the anatomical site of injury and has been associated with return to play in hamstring and calf muscle injury. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the time to return to full training (TRFT) and injury recurrence for BAMIC‐classified RF injuries sustained by elite track and field (T&F) athletes over a 9‐year period. All rectus femoris injuries sustained by elite T&F athletes on the British Athletics World Class Program between September 2010 and September 2019 that were investigated with an MRI within 7 days of acute onset anterior thigh pain were included. Injuries were graded from the MRI by a specialist musculoskeletal radiologist using the BAMIC, and TRFT and injury recurrence were determined by evaluation of the Electronic Medical Record. Athlete demographics and World Athletics event discipline were recorded. Specific injury details including mechanism, location of injury, and whether surgical or rehabilitation management was undertaken were recorded. There were 38 RF injuries in 27 athletes (24.7 ± 2.3 years; 10 male, 17 female). Average TRFT for rehabilitation managed cases was 20.4 ± 14.8 days. Grade 1 injuries had significantly shorter TRFT compared with grades 2 (p = 0.04) and 3 (p = 0.01). Intratendinous (c) and surgically managed RF injuries each had significantly longer TRFT compared with other injury classes (p < 0.001). Myofascial (a) injuries had reduced repeat injury rates compared with b or c classes (p = 0.048). Grade 3 injuries had an increased repeat injury rate compared with other grades (p = 0.02). There were 4 complete (4c) proximal free tendon injuries sustained during sprinting and all in female athletes. The average TRFT for RF injuries in elite T&F is similar to that previously identified in elite football and Australian Rules. Similar to previous research in hamstring and calf injury, RF injuries extending into the tendon (BAMIC class c) had delayed TRFT which may reflect the longer duration required for tendon healing and adaptation. Grade 3 injuries had in increased repeat injury rate compared with grades 1 and 2. The BAMIC diagnostic framework may provide useful information for clinicians managing rectus femoris injuries in T&F.

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“…Proximal RF tendon injuries frequently result from kicking mechanisms (3,5,6,10). The backswing of a kick, when the hip is hyperextended and knee is flexed, places significant tension on the RF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proximal Rectus Femoris Tendon Tear in a Professional Football Placekicker: A Case Report

Noble-Taylor

Price

McInnis

2023

Curr Sports Med Rep

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Association Between Injury Mechanisms and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Rectus Femoris Injuries in 105 Professional Football Players

Abstract: Objective: To describe the injury mechanism and its association with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) injury findings in acute rectus femoris injuries. Design:

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

Epidemiology of quadriceps muscle strain injuries in elite male Australian football players

Epidemiology of quadriceps muscle strain injuries in elite male Australian football players

Time to return to full training and recurrence of rectus femoris injuries in elite track and field athletes 2010–2019; a 9‐year study using the British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification

Proximal Rectus Femoris Tendon Tear in a Professional Football Placekicker: A Case Report

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