Immune spleen cells attenuate the inflammatory profile of the mesenteric perivascular adipose tissue in obese mice

Abstract

The perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) differs from other fat depots and exerts a paracrine action on the vasculature. The spleen has an important role in the immune response, and it was observed to have either a protective role or a contribution to obesity-related diseases. However, the relation between spleen and PVAT is elusive in obesity. We investigated the role of spleen in the inflammatory profile of the mesenteric PVAT (mPVAT) from mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Male C57Bl/6 mice were sham-operated or splenectomized (SPX) and fed a HFD for 16 weeks. mPVAT morphology was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining, infiltrated immune cells were evaluated by flow cytometry, inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by ELISA and the splenic cell chemotaxis mediated by mPVAT was evaluated using a transwell assay. In SPX mice, HFD induced adipocyte hypertrophy and increased immune cell infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine levels in mPVAT. However, none of these effects were observed in mPVAT from sham-operated mice. Spleen from HFD fed mice presented reduced total leukocytes and increased inflammatory markers when compared to the spleen from control mice. Chemotaxis of spleen cells mediated by mPVAT of HFD fed mice was reduced in relation to standard diet fed mice. The spleen protects mPVAT against the effects of 16-week HFD. This information was missing, and it is important because PVAT is different from other fat depots and data cannot be extrapolated from any type of adipose tissue to PVAT.

Cynanchum atratum Alleviates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver by Balancing Lipogenesis and Fatty Acid Oxidation in a High-Fat, High-Fructose Diet Mice Model

“…Therefore, HFHFD-induced metabolic dysfunction with chronic inflammation might be a conceivable reason for thrombocytosis. Interestingly, long-term high-fat diet treatment caused leukopenia and TNF-α increase in mice [ 44 ]. In the present study, HFHFD significantly induced leukopenia, mainly due to the decrease in lymphocytes ( Table 1 ).…”

Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Uterine Artery Adaptations to Pregnancy

“…The proximity of PVAT to blood vessels underscores its role in tonal regulation via its secretory modulators [106][107][108]. The capacity to secrete such diverse arrays of biologically active molecules is due to the heterogeneous composition of PVAT which includes not only adipocytes, but leucocytes, neurons, and multipotent progenitor cells [108][109][110]. There are many types of immune cells in PVAT, such as CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages, mast cells, and neutrophils [106,108,110].…”

Hypolipidemic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Curcuma longa-Derived Bisacurone in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice

“…A randomized, double-blind intervention trial involving middle-aged and elderly subjects with overweight or mild hypertension showed that a hot water extract of C. longa containing bisacurone decreased the serum levels of C-reactive protein, IL-6, TNF-α, and VCAM-1 [14]. The expression of inflammatory markers is increased in secondary lymphoid organs, in addition to liver and adipose tissues, in diet-induced obese mice [15,16]. However, the effects of bisacurone on the pro-inflammatory responses of immune cells in the lymphoid tissues remain unclear.…”

“…The expression of inflammatory markers is increased in secondary lymphoid organs, in addition to liver and adipose tissues, in diet-induced obese mice [15,16]. However, the effects of bisacurone on the pro-inflammatory responses of immune cells in the lymphoid tissues remain unclear.…”