A new insight to characterize immunomodulation based on hepatopancreatic transcriptome and humoral immune factor analysis of the Cherax quadricarinatus infected with Aeromonas veronii

ROS Induced by Streptococcus agalactiae Activate Inflammatory Responses via the TNF-α/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Golden Pompano Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

“…Thus, the infected fish in this study showed higher LZM activity than the uninfected fish, and this activity increased over time. It is consistent with the results of LZM changes following infection of Cherax quadricarinatus with Aeromonas veronii [ 22 ]. Significant changes in GLU levels were observed in infected golden pompano, probably due to impaired hepatic glucose metabolism caused by pathogenic bacterial infection, affecting insulin resistance and glucose metabolism [ 43 ].…”

“…Previous studies have shown that ROS do not usually cause direct damage to organisms, but rather play a role in mediating the organism’s response to various stimuli. Excess ROS can lead to an increase in free radicals (O 2− , -OH) in the cells of the organism, which can cause oxidative damage to the organism, thereby weakening its immune defense system [ 22 ]. Fish prevent oxidative damage caused by ROS production from exposure to various environmental stress by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity.…”

“…IL-1β can promote TNF-α secretion by broadly pan-activating T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. TNF-α can promote gene transcription and exacerbate the inflammatory response by increasing the release of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β [ 22 ]. Based on the central regulation of the NF-κB pathway, the interaction of NF-κB with IL-1β and TNF-α can exacerbate inflammatory responses and lead to soft tissue contusion.…”