Increased attention allocation to socially threatening faces in social anxiety disorder: A replication study

Lazarov, Amit; Basel, Dana; Dolan, Sarah; Dillon, Daniel G.; Pizzagalli, Diego A.; Schneier, Franklin R.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.063

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…However, prior studies (Lazarov et al, 2016(Lazarov et al, , 2021 found that when participants freely gaze at the matrices used in GCMRT, but without music playing, the percentage of time spent dwelling on threatening versus neutral faces is higher in adults with SAD than in controls and this metric shows excellent internal consistency. Indeed, Lazarov et al (2021) reported a Cronbach's alpha of .99 for this measure in adults with SAD and a sample of community controls, with a two-week retest reliability of r(20) = .92 in the control group; retest reliability was not assessed in the SAD group. These findings replicated earlier results obtained in adults with SAD, students with subclinical social anxiety, and students with minimal anxiety (Lazarov et al, 2016).…”

Section: Psychometricsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Because GCMRT is designed to drive changes in gaze within and across sessions, an analysis of internal consistency or retest reliability would not be appropriate. However, prior studies (Lazarov et al, 2016(Lazarov et al, , 2021 found that when participants freely gaze at the matrices used in GCMRT, but without music playing, the percentage of time spent dwelling on threatening versus neutral faces is higher in adults with SAD than in controls and this metric shows excellent internal consistency. Indeed, Lazarov et al (2021) reported a Cronbach's alpha of .99 for this measure in adults with SAD and a sample of community controls, with a two-week retest reliability of r(20) = .92 in the control group; retest reliability was not assessed in the SAD group.…”

Section: Psychometricsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Fast evidence accumulation in social anxiety disorder enhances decision making in a probabilistic reward task.

Dillon¹,

Lazarov²,

Dolan³

et al. 2022

Emotion

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Choices and response times in two-alternative decision-making tasks can be modeled by assuming that individuals steadily accrue evidence in favor of each alternative until a response boundary for one of them is crossed, at which point that alternative is chosen. Prior studies have reported that evidence accumulation during decision-making tasks takes longer in adults with psychopathology than in healthy controls, indicating that slow evidence accumulation may be transdiagnostic. However, few studies have examined perceptual decision making in anxiety disorders, where hypervigilance might enhance performance. Therefore, this study used the Hierarchical Drift Diffusion model to investigate evidence accumulation in adults with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and healthy controls as they performed a probabilistic reward task (PRT), in which social rewards were delivered for correct perceptual judgments. Adults with SAD completed the PRT before and after gaze-contingent music reward therapy (GCMRT), which trains attention allocation and has shown efficacy for SAD. Healthy controls also completed the PRT twice. Results revealed excellent performance in adults with SAD, especially after GCMRT: relative to controls, they showed faster evidence accumulation, better discriminability, and earned more rewards. These data highlight a positive effect of attention training on performance in anxious adults and show how a behavioral trait that is typically problematic—hypervigilance in SAD—can nevertheless confer advantages in certain contexts. The data also indicate that, in contrast to other forms of psychopathology, SAD is not characterized by slow evidence accumulation, at least in the context of the social PRT.

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Section: Psychometricsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Psychometricsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Fast evidence accumulation in social anxiety disorder enhances decision making in a probabilistic reward task.

Dillon¹,

Lazarov²,

Dolan³

et al. 2022

Emotion

Self Cite

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“…Additionally, new research has been conducted on the role of behavioral avoidance 22 , safety behaviors 23 , attentional bias to threatening faces 24 , gaze avoidance 25 , delays in attention disengagement from social threat 26 , rumination 27 , 28 , blushing 29 , inattention, intolerance of uncertainty 30 , and fearful attachment style 31 .…”

Section: Recent Advances In Improving the Understanding Of Sadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in the understanding and psychological treatment of social anxiety disorder

Wolitzky-Taylor¹,

LeBeau²

2023

Fac Rev

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Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by persistent anxiety or avoidance of social situations because of a fear of negative evaluation. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) (typically with an exposure component) is a first-line treatment for social anxiety, but there remains room for improvement with regard to treatment efficacy. Therefore, the field continues to better understand the mechanisms underlying SAD and its common and complex comorbidities in order to develop targeted interventions to improve symptom outcomes. Additionally, efforts are under way to improve the efficacy and accessibility of CBT. This review outlines major advances in understanding and treating SAD in adults over the past roughly 3 years (2019 to early May 2022). Themes are identified and discussed, as are recommendations for future research.

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“…For instance, interpreting ambiguous or neutral faces and voices as negative was found in patients suffering from SAD and it is also considered as a key development and maintenance factor of SAD ( 4 , 5 ). In addition, SAD patients and individuals who score high on SA assessments allocate more attention resources ( 6 , 7 ), have more solid memorization ( 8 , 9 ) to threatening faces and exhibit higher recognition accuracy for fearful and sad voices than their non-socially anxious counterparts ( 10 ). At the neural level, greater activity in response to faces and voices have been found in widely distributed networks at multiple temporal stages in SA individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aberrant neural correlates of multisensory processing of audiovisual social cues related to social anxiety: An electrophysiological study

Gan

2023

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundSocial anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by abnormal fear to social cues. Although unisensory processing to social stimuli associated with social anxiety (SA) has been well described, how multisensory processing relates to SA is still open to clarification. Using electroencephalography (EEG) measurement, we investigated the neural correlates of multisensory processing and related temporal dynamics in social anxiety disorder (SAD).MethodsTwenty-five SAD participants and 23 healthy control (HC) participants were presented with angry and neutral faces, voices and their combinations with congruent emotions and they completed an emotional categorization task.ResultsWe found that face-voice combinations facilitated auditory processing in multiple stages indicated by the acceleration of auditory N1 latency, attenuation of auditory N1 and P250 amplitudes, and decrease of theta power. In addition, bimodal inputs elicited cross-modal integrative activity which is indicated by the enhancement of visual P1, N170, and P3/LPP amplitudes and superadditive response of P1 and P3/LPP. More importantly, excessively greater integrative activity (at P3/LPP amplitude) was found in SAD participants, and this abnormal integrative activity in both early and late temporal stages was related to the larger interpretation bias of miscategorizing neutral face-voice combinations as angry.ConclusionThe study revealed that neural correlates of multisensory processing was aberrant in SAD and it was related to the interpretation bias to multimodal social cues in multiple processing stages. Our findings suggest that deficit in multisensory processing might be an important factor in the psychopathology of SA.

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Increased attention allocation to socially threatening faces in social anxiety disorder: A replication study

Cited by 26 publications

References 67 publications

Fast evidence accumulation in social anxiety disorder enhances decision making in a probabilistic reward task.

Fast evidence accumulation in social anxiety disorder enhances decision making in a probabilistic reward task.

Recent advances in the understanding and psychological treatment of social anxiety disorder

Aberrant neural correlates of multisensory processing of audiovisual social cues related to social anxiety: An electrophysiological study

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