Comparison of Bio‐C Pulpo and MTA Repair HP with White MTA: effect on liver parameters and evaluation of biocompatibility and bioactivity in rats

Abstract

Aim To evaluate the tissue response promoted by Bio‐C Pulpo (Bio), MTA Repair HP (MTA‐HP) and White MTA (WMTA) and whether these materials cause liver changes in a rat experimental model. Methodology Polyethylene tubes filled with Bio, MTA‐HP and WMTA, and empty tubes (control group, CG) were implanted into the subcutaneous tissues of rats for 7, 15, 30 and 60 days. Inflammatory reaction score (IRS), capsule thickness, number of inflammatory cells (IC), von Kossa reaction, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) immunohistochemistry reactions were performed. Combined methods, von Kossa followed by immunohistochemistry for detection of ALP, were performed. At 60 days, the serum glutamic‐oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels were measured and liver fragments were collected for histological analysis; the data were assessed by one‐way ANOVA analysis followed by Sidak's post‐test. The biocompatibility and bioactivity data were subjected to the two‐way ANOVA analysis followed by Tukey post hoc test, except the IRS. The IRS data were subjected to the Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA non‐parametric test followed by Dunn's test (p ≤ .05). Results No significant difference was detected in serum GOT and GPT concentrations and in the number of hepatocytes among the experimental and CG samples. Although Bio‐C Pulpo had the highest IC and IL‐6‐immunolabelled cells (p < 0.0001) at all periods, no significant difference was observed in the IRS among the materials, except at 60 days. In this period, the WMTA had lower IRS. All groups had a significant reduction in the capsule thickness and in the number of IC and IL‐6‐immunolabelled cells over time. Bio‐C Pulpo, MTA‐HP and WMTA specimens had greater immunoexpression of ALP than CG (p < .0001). At all periods, von Kossa‐positive and birefringent structures were observed in the capsules around the materials. ALP‐immunolabelled cells were also seen near von Kossa‐positive structures. Conclusions Bio‐C Pulpo, MTA‐HP and WMTA materials did not cause morphological changes in the liver and no significant alteration in the serum GOT and GPT levels. Moreover, these bioceramic materials were biocompatible and exhibited bioactive potential. However, Bio‐C Pulpo induced greater inflammatory infiltrate than MTA‐HP and WMTA at all periods.

Hepatic enzymes and immunoinflammatory response to Bio-C Temp bioceramic intracanal medication implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of rats

“…This is the first study that evaluated the serum GOT and GPT levels and biocompatibility in vivo of Bio-C Temp bioceramic intracanal medicament after implantation into the subcutaneous tissues of rats. Morphological and quantitative analyses of capsules around intracanal medications at different time points allow evaluating the injured tissue as well as the complex cascade of cytokines caused by these medicaments, which may lead to chronic inflammatory reaction or tissue repair 26 – 28 . Furthermore, this methodology allows us to investigate whether dental materials could promote systemic changes 28 .…”

“…Morphological and quantitative analyses of capsules around intracanal medications at different time points allow evaluating the injured tissue as well as the complex cascade of cytokines caused by these medicaments, which may lead to chronic inflammatory reaction or tissue repair 26 – 28 . Furthermore, this methodology allows us to investigate whether dental materials could promote systemic changes 28 . The null hypothesis was rejected since Bio-C Temp favouring the connective tissue repair quickly in comparison with the calcium hydroxide paste.…”

“…Each cage was identified according to the group and period. The sample size for this study was calculated based in previous studies 24 , 25 , 28 . The size sample was calculated considering an alpha error of 0.05 to recognize a significant difference and 90% test power for detection of 50% difference among experimental groups and CG.…”

Biocompatibility of a New Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealer Mediated via the Modulation of Macrophage Polarization in a Rat Model

“…Systemic toxicity and local toxicity are two main characteristics that determine the in vivo biocompatibility of an endodontic material. White ProRoot MTA has been histologically proven to not cause morphological changes in the liver and does not significantly alter serum GOT and GPT levels [ 28 ]. Consistent with the conclusion that white MTA is biocompatible, our results further indicate the nonsystemic toxicity of ProRoot MTA, iRoot SP and BC Sealer HiFlow, and that the focal inflammatory infiltration elicited by these materials was mild and limited.…”

Bioactive potential of Bio‐C Pulpo is evidenced by presence of birefringent calcite and osteocalcin immunoexpression in the rat subcutaneous tissue

“…[14][15][16][17] The replacement of its radiopacifying agent (bismuth oxide) by calcium tungstate seems to avoid tooth discoloration, 5,18 in addition to maintaining its biocompatibility and bioactive potential. 6 Biodentine TM (Septodont, Saint Maur des Fossés, France) was developed in 2009, being indicated as a repair material in the treatment of pulpotomy and acting as a substitute for dentine. [19][20][21][22] Biodentine is a tricalcium silicate-based material containing zirconium oxide as radiopacifier agent.…”