Postprandial amino acid availability after intake of intact or hydrolyzed meat protein in a mixed meal in healthy elderly subjects: a randomized, single blind crossover trial

Agergaard, Jakob; Hansen, Erik T.; Hall, Gerrit van; Holm, Lars

doi:10.1007/s00726-021-03000-z

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It should be noted that the study indicating a maximum stimulation of muscle protein synthesis at 0.4 g per kg body weight was performed with a bolus intake of pure protein, and not together with a mixed meal. The amino acid absorption after a bolus of protein is fast and transient, whereas a more prolonged release of amino acids into circulation is seen after intake of protein in a mixed meal [ 24 , 29 ]. Such a prolonged release could potentiate full utilization of a greater protein intake over the post-prandial period, which could be why a difference was not seen between the EVEN and SKEWED distribution groups in muscle-tissue incorporation of the intrinsically labeled 2 H 5 -phenylalanine tracer in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Even with Skewed Dietary Protein Distribution Shows No Difference in Muscle Protein Synthesis or Amino Acid Utilization in Healthy Older Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2022

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Sarcopenia is a multifactorial disease that limits autonomy for the growing elderly population. An optimal amount of dietary protein has shown to be important to maintain muscle mass during aging. Yet, the optimal distribution of that dietary protein has not been fully clarified. The aim of the present study was to examine whether an even, compared to a skewed, distribution of daily dietary protein leads to higher muscle protein synthesis and amino acid utilization. Twelve healthy males and twelve healthy females aged between 65 and 80 years were block randomized to either an even (EVEN, n = 12) or skewed (SKEWED, n = 12) dietary protein distribution for three daily main meals. Seven days of habituation were followed by three trial days, which were initiated by oral intake of deuterium oxide (D2O). The dietary protein throughout all trial meals was intrinsically labelled with 2H5-phenylalanine. Blood samples were drawn daily, and muscle biopsies were taken before and at the end of the trial to measure muscle protein synthesis (FSR) and muscle protein incorporation of the dietary-protein-derived tracer. Muscle protein FSR was no different between the two groups (EVEN 2.16 ± 0.13%/day and SKEWED 2.23 ± 0.09%/day, p = 0.647), and the muscle protein incorporation of the intrinsically labeled 2H5-phenylalanine tracer was not different between the two groups (EVEN 0.0049 ± 0.0004 MPE% and SKEWED 0.0054 ± 0.0003 MPE%, p = 0.306). In conclusion, the daily distribution pattern of the dietary protein did not affect muscle protein synthesis or the utilization of dietary protein.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Even with Skewed Dietary Protein Distribution Shows No Difference in Muscle Protein Synthesis or Amino Acid Utilization in Healthy Older Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2022

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“…Then, plasma [ 2 H 5 ]phenylalanine enrichment and amino acid concentrations were measured by mass spectrometry from blood samples drawn during a 5 h postprandial period. The result showed that hydrolyzed meat products were absorbed fastest within the initial 2 h, but the peak EAA concentrations were similar after ingesting meals with either steak, minced, or hydrolyzed meat products . Proteins from seafood may have properties different, compared with meat.…”

Section: Antisarcopenic Activity Of Food-derived Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The result showed that hydrolyzed meat products were absorbed fastest within the initial 2 h, but the peak EAA concentrations were similar after ingesting meals with either steak, minced, or hydrolyzed meat products. 79 Proteins from seafood may have properties different, compared with meat. Marine proteins are abundant in Leu and EAAs.…”

Section: Antisarcopenic Peptides Derived From Somementioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Food Protein-Derived Bioactive Peptides against Sarcopenia: A Comprehensive Review

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Sarcopenia is an age-related progressive muscle disorder characterized by accelerated loss of muscle mass, strength, and function, which are important causes of physiological dysfunctions in the elderly. At present, the main alleviating method includes protein supplements to stimulate synthesis of muscle proteins. Food protein-derived peptides containing abundant branched-chain amino acids have a remarkable effect on the improvement of sarcopenia. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanism and clarifying the structure–activity relationship is essential for the mitigation of sarcopenia. This present review recaps the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of sarcopenia, which facilitates a comprehensive understanding of sarcopenia. Moreover, the latest research progress on food-derived antisarcopenic peptides is reviewed, including their antisarcopenic activity, molecular mechanism as well as structural characteristics. Food-derived bioactive peptides can indeed alleviate/mitigate sarcopenia. These antisarcopenic peptides play a pivotal role mainly by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK pathways and inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome system and AMPK pathway, thus promoting the synthesis of muscle proteins and inhibiting their degradation. Antisarcopenic peptides alleviate sarcopenia via specific peptides, which may be absorbed into the circulation and exhibit their bioactivity in intact forms. The present review provides a theoretical reference for mitigation and prevention of sarcopenia by food protein-derived bioactive peptides.

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“…The amount of amino acids reaching the systemic circulation after oral protein intake can be measured using an intrinsically labeled protein, in which all amino acids carry stable isotope labeled elements such as 2 H, 13 C, or 15 N or in which certain amino acids are labeled. This method can be used to compare postprandial systemic amino acid availability using breath or plasma samples in diseased and healthy participants [17], as well as for different types and doses of proteins [18,19]. Postprandial systemic amino acid availability can be measured by determining the percentage recovery of 13 C in breath as 13 CO 2 is released via the lungs after metabolism of labeled amino acids in the body [20].…”

Section: Systemic Amino Acid Availability After Oral Protein Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This, however, has methodological problems as there are many factors that can affect the 13 CO 2 recovery in breath [21]. Alternatively, the release of labeled amino acids into the systemic circulation can be measured by mass spectrometry in plasma samples as tracer enrichment [19] or during simultaneous intravenous infusion of the same amino acid isotope but with different labeling and concurrent blood sampling over several hours [18]. This approach measures a combination of protein digestion, peptide and amino acid absorption by enterocytes, and of splanchnic amino acid metabolism in the intestine and liver.…”

Section: Systemic Amino Acid Availability After Oral Protein Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal dysfunction in chronic disease

Kirschner¹,

Deutz²,

Engelen³

2021

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition &Amp; Metabolic Care

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Purpose of review This review will discuss recent studies showing that patients with chronic wasting diseases suffer from a variety of small intestinal impairments which might negatively impact the colonic microbiota and overall well-being. New insights will be addressed as well as novel approaches to assess intestinal function. Recent findings Small intestinal dysfunction can enhance the amount and alter the composition of undigested food reaching the colon. As a result of reduced protein digestion and absorption, a large amount of undigested protein might reach the colon promoting the presence of pathogenic colonic bacteria and a switch from bacterial fiber fermentation to protein fermentation. While microbial metabolites of fiber fermentation, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), are mainly considered beneficial for overall health, metabolites of protein fermentation, i.e. ammonia, branched SCFAs, hydrogen sulfide, polyamines, phenols, and indoles, can exert beneficial or deleterious effects on overall health. Substantial advances have been made in the assessment of small intestinal dysfunction in chronic diseases, but studies investigating the connection to colonic microbial metabolism are needed. A promising new stable isotope approach can enable the measurement of metabolite production by the colonic microbiota. Summary Several studies have been conducted to assess intestinal function in chronic diseases. Impairments in intestinal barrier function, sugar absorption, protein digestion, and absorption, as well as small intestinal bacterial overgrowth were observed and possibly might negatively impact colonic bacterial metabolism. We suggest that improving these perturbations will improve overall patient health.

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Postprandial amino acid availability after intake of intact or hydrolyzed meat protein in a mixed meal in healthy elderly subjects: a randomized, single blind crossover trial

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Comparing Even with Skewed Dietary Protein Distribution Shows No Difference in Muscle Protein Synthesis or Amino Acid Utilization in Healthy Older Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Comparing Even with Skewed Dietary Protein Distribution Shows No Difference in Muscle Protein Synthesis or Amino Acid Utilization in Healthy Older Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Potential of Food Protein-Derived Bioactive Peptides against Sarcopenia: A Comprehensive Review

Intestinal dysfunction in chronic disease

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