Extracellular vesicles, the cornerstone of next-generation cancer diagnosis?

Weng, Jian; Xiang, Xiaoqiang; Ding, Ling-Wen; Wong, Andrea Li‐Ann; Zeng, Qi; Sethi, Gautam; Wang, Lingzhi; Lee, Soo‐Chin; Goh, Boon Cher

doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.011

Cited by 46 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 187 publications

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“…Within the last decade, various aspects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been investigated in numerous studies addressing their basic biology, their role in various physiological and pathophysiological processes, and their promising potential for clinical use in context of therapy and diagnostics (Lener et al., 2015 ; Lotvall et al., 2014 ; Mateescu et al., 2017 ; Sahoo et al., 2021 ; Weng et al., 2021 ; Wiklander et al., 2019 ; Yanez‐Mo et al., 2015 ). Despite ongoing efforts and advances to improve standardization of data reporting and procedures related to EV isolation and characterization in the field, lots of open questions and challenges remain (Coumans et al., 2017 ; Ramirez et al., 2018 ; Thery et al., 2018 ; Welsh et al., 2020 ; Welsh et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of storage conditions stabilizing extracellular vesicles preparations

Görgens

Corso

Hagey

et al. 2022

J of Extracellular Vesicle

160

132

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes and hold great potential for therapeutic and diagnostic use. Despite significant advances within the last decade, the key issue of EV storage stability remains unresolved and under investigated. Here, we aimed to identify storage conditions stabilizing EVs and comprehensively compared the impact of various storage buffer formulations at different temperatures on EVs derived from different cellular sources for up to 2 years. EV features including concentration, diameter, surface protein profile and nucleic acid contents were assessed by complementary methods, and engineered EVs containing fluorophores or functionalized surface proteins were utilized to compare cellular uptake and ligand binding. We show that storing EVs in PBS over time leads to drastically reduced recovery particularly for pure EV samples at all temperatures tested, starting already within days. We further report that using PBS as diluent was found to result in severely reduced EV recovery rates already within minutes. Several of the tested new buffer conditions largely prevented the observed effects, the lead candidate being PBS supplemented with human albumin and trehalose (PBS‐HAT). We report that PBS‐HAT buffer facilitates clearly improved short‐term and long‐term EV preservation for samples stored at ‐80°C, stability throughout several freeze‐thaw cycles, and drastically improved EV recovery when using a diluent for EV samples for downstream applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of storage conditions stabilizing extracellular vesicles preparations

Görgens

Corso

Hagey

et al. 2022

J of Extracellular Vesicle

160

132

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“…One of the important aspects of cancer progression is the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially exosomes. Briefly, exosomes can provide cell–cell communication via transferring proteins, lipids and nucleic acids [ 101 , 102 , 103 ]. A recent study has shown that EVs can stimulate generation of CSCs from stem or progenitor cells [ 104 ].…”

Section: Cancer Stem Cells In Oncologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting Cancer Stem Cells by Dietary Agents: An Important Therapeutic Strategy against Human Malignancies

Paskeh

Asadi²,

Zabolian

et al. 2021

IJMS

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As a multifactorial disease, treatment of cancer depends on understanding unique mechanisms involved in its progression. The cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumor stemness and by enhancing colony formation, proliferation as well as metastasis, and these cells can also mediate resistance to therapy. Furthermore, the presence of CSCs leads to cancer recurrence and therefore their complete eradication can have immense therapeutic benefits. The present review focuses on targeting CSCs by natural products in cancer therapy. The growth and colony formation capacities of CSCs have been reported can be attenuated by the dietary agents. These compounds can induce apoptosis in CSCs and reduce tumor migration and invasion via EMT inhibition. A variety of molecular pathways including STAT3, Wnt/β-catenin, Sonic Hedgehog, Gli1 and NF-κB undergo down-regulation by dietary agents in suppressing CSC features. Upon exposure to natural agents, a significant decrease occurs in levels of CSC markers including CD44, CD133, ALDH1, Oct4 and Nanog to impair cancer stemness. Furthermore, CSC suppression by dietary agents can enhance sensitivity of tumors to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In addition to in vitro studies, as well as experiments on the different preclinical models have shown capacity of natural products in suppressing cancer stemness. Furthermore, use of nanostructures for improving therapeutic impact of dietary agents is recommended to rapidly translate preclinical findings for clinical use.

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“…EVs originate from the cell membrane and are considered micro- or nanovesicles. These structures can be secreted by all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in an evolutionarily conserved manner [ 13 , 14 ]. Initially, EVs were thought to be waste products of cells or entities formed by cellular damage [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging role of exosomes in cancer progression and tumor microenvironment remodeling

et al. 2022

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Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and the factors responsible for its progression need to be elucidated. Exosomes are structures with an average size of 100 nm that can transport proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. This review focuses on the role of exosomes in cancer progression and therapy. We discuss how exosomes are able to modulate components of the tumor microenvironment and influence proliferation and migration rates of cancer cells. We also highlight that, depending on their cargo, exosomes can suppress or promote tumor cell progression and can enhance or reduce cancer cell response to radio- and chemo-therapies. In addition, we describe how exosomes can trigger chronic inflammation and lead to immune evasion and tumor progression by focusing on their ability to transfer non-coding RNAs between cells and modulate other molecular signaling pathways such as PTEN and PI3K/Akt in cancer. Subsequently, we discuss the use of exosomes as carriers of anti-tumor agents and genetic tools to control cancer progression. We then discuss the role of tumor-derived exosomes in carcinogenesis. Finally, we devote a section to the study of exosomes as diagnostic and prognostic tools in clinical courses that is important for the treatment of cancer patients. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of exosomes in cancer therapy, focusing on their therapeutic value in cancer progression and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. Graphical Abstract

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Extracellular vesicles, the cornerstone of next-generation cancer diagnosis?

Cited by 46 publications

References 187 publications

Identification of storage conditions stabilizing extracellular vesicles preparations

Identification of storage conditions stabilizing extracellular vesicles preparations

Targeting Cancer Stem Cells by Dietary Agents: An Important Therapeutic Strategy against Human Malignancies

Emerging role of exosomes in cancer progression and tumor microenvironment remodeling

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