The inflammatory speech of fibroblasts

Schuster, Ronen; Rockel, Jason S.; Kapoor, Mohit; Hinz, Boris

doi:10.1111/imr.12971

Cited by 101 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 284 publications

(596 reference statements)

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“…Different populations of fibroblasts that either have a common progenitor and occupy different locations or have different progenitors that share the same environment; a complexity that is particularly well studied in the dermis of the skin. 68,[86][87][88][89][90][91]…”

Section: Fibronectinmentioning

confidence: 99%

A story of fibers and stress: Matrix‐embedded signals for fibroblast activation in the skin

Sawant

Hinz

Schönborn

et al. 2021

Wound Repair Regeneration

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Our skin is continuously exposed to mechanical challenge, including shear, stretch, and compression. The extracellular matrix of the dermis is perfectly suited to resist these challenges and maintain integrity of normal skin even upon large strains. Fibroblasts are the key cells that interpret mechanical and chemical cues in their environment to turnover matrix and maintain homeostasis in the skin of healthy adults. Upon tissue injury, fibroblasts and an exclusive selection of other cells become activated into myofibroblasts with the task to restore skin integrity by forming structurally imperfect but mechanically stable scar tissue. Failure of myofibroblasts to terminate their actions after successful repair or upon chronic inflammation results in dysregulated myofibroblast activities which can lead to hypertrophic scarring and/or skin fibrosis. After providing an overview on the major fibrillar matrix components in normal skin, we will interrogate the various origins of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in the skin. We then examine the role of the matrix as signaling hub and how fibroblasts respond to mechanical matrix cues to restore order in the confusing environment of a healing wound.

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Section: Fibronectinmentioning

confidence: 99%

A story of fibers and stress: Matrix‐embedded signals for fibroblast activation in the skin

Sawant

Hinz

Schönborn

et al. 2021

Wound Repair Regeneration

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“…Inflammation is an important adaptive response to both external and internal stimuli including infection, trauma, surgery, ischemia-reperfusion, and malignancy. It is a normal body function, primarily aiming at an adaptational response to abnormal conditions and a restoring of homeostasis [1,2]. One of the most evident features of acute inflammation is the expression and release of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX), an enzyme implicated in the synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) and therefore in the transition to and the maintenance of chronic inflammation [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoxic and Hyperoxic Breathing as a Complement to Low-Intensity Physical Exercise Programs: A Proof-of-Principle Study

Balestra

Lambrechts

Mrakic‐Sposta

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Inflammation is an adaptive response to both external and internal stimuli including infection, trauma, surgery, ischemia-reperfusion, or malignancy. A number of studies indicate that physical activity is an effective means of reducing acute systemic and low-level inflammation occurring in different pathological conditions and in the recovery phase after disease. As a proof-of-principle, we hypothesized that low-intensity workout performed under modified oxygen supply would elicit a “metabolic exercise” inducing a hormetic response, increasing the metabolic load and oxidative stress with the same overall effect expected after a higher intensity or charge exercise. Herein, we report the effect of a 5-week low-intensity, non-training, exercise program in a group of young healthy subjects in combination with the exposure to hyperoxia (30% and 100% pO2, respectively) or light hypoxia (15% pO2) during workout sessions on several inflammation and oxidative stress parameters, namely hemoglobin (Hb), redox state, nitric oxide metabolite (NOx), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), inflammatory cytokine expression (TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10), and renal functional biomarkers (creatinine, neopterin, and urates). We confirmed our previous reports demonstrating that intermittent hyperoxia induces the normobaric oxygen paradox (NOP), a response overlapping the exposure to hypoxia. Our data also suggest that the administration of modified air composition is an expedient complement to a light physical exercise program to achieve a significant modulation of inflammatory and immune parameters, including cytokines expression, iNOS activity, and oxidative stress parameters. This strategy can be of pivotal interest in all those conditions characterized by the inability to achieve a sufficient workload intensity, such as severe cardiovascular alterations and articular injuries failing to effectively gain a significant improvement of physical capacity.

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“…The heterogenous origins of myofibroblasts implies that these cells can form inside almost every tissue within the human body. In addition to resident fibroblasts and pericytes, their cellular origins include circulating bone-marrow-derived fibrocytes, tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells, local epithelial and endothelial cells, de-differentiated smooth muscle cells, other hepatic stellate cells, mesangial cells, Schwann cells, and even monocytes and macrophages [21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Myofibroblast Originsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myofibroblasts: Function, Formation, and Scope of Molecular Therapies for Skin Fibrosis

et al. 2021

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Myofibroblasts are contractile, α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells with multiple roles in pathophysiological processes. Myofibroblasts mediate wound contractions, but their persistent presence in tissues is central to driving fibrosis, making them attractive cell targets for the development of therapeutic treatments. However, due to shared cellular markers with several other phenotypes, the specific targeting of myofibroblasts has long presented a scientific and clinical challenge. In recent years, myofibroblasts have drawn much attention among scientific research communities from multiple disciplines and specialisations. As further research uncovers the characterisations of myofibroblast formation, function, and regulation, the realisation of novel interventional routes for myofibroblasts within pathologies has emerged. The research community is approaching the means to finally target these cells, to prevent fibrosis, accelerate scarless wound healing, and attenuate associated disease-processes in clinical settings. This comprehensive review article describes the myofibroblast cell phenotype, their origins, and their diverse physiological and pathological functionality. Special attention has been given to mechanisms and molecular pathways governing myofibroblast differentiation, and updates in molecular interventions.

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The inflammatory speech of fibroblasts

Cited by 101 publications

References 284 publications

A story of fibers and stress: Matrix‐embedded signals for fibroblast activation in the skin

A story of fibers and stress: Matrix‐embedded signals for fibroblast activation in the skin

Hypoxic and Hyperoxic Breathing as a Complement to Low-Intensity Physical Exercise Programs: A Proof-of-Principle Study

Myofibroblasts: Function, Formation, and Scope of Molecular Therapies for Skin Fibrosis

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