COVID-19 influences lung microbiota dynamics and favors the emergence of rare infectious diseases: A case report of Hafnia Alvei pneumonia.

Cutuli, Salvatore Lucio; Maio, Flavio De; Pascale, Gennaro De; Grieco, Domenico Luca; Monzo, Francesca; Carelli, Simone; Tanzarella, Eloisa Sofia; Pintaudi, Gabriele; Piervincenzi, Edoardo; Cascarano, Laura; Xhemalaj, Rikardo; Sanguinetti, Maurizio; Posteraro, Brunella; Spanu, Teresa; Antonelli, Massimo

doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2021.04.008

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…It is normally isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans and from food (Osuka et al, 2011). There are a number of reports on diseases associated with H. alvei and H. paralvei involved in a variety of animal and human infections (Real et al, 1997;Casagrande Proietti et al, 2004;Casanova-Román et al, 2004;Janda and Abbott, 2006;Osuka et al, 2011;Padilla et al, 2013;Orozova et al, 2014;Jayol et al, 2017;Litrenta and Oetgen, 2017;Rodríguez-Alarcón et al, 2019;Yin et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2019;Cutuli et al, 2021). The main symptoms of H. alvei diseases included hepatosplenomegaly, multifocal nectrotizing hepatitis, and splenitis (Real et al, 1997;Casagrande Proietti et al, 2004;Orozova et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Characterization of a Hafnia Phage Reveals Extraordinarily Large Burst Size and Unusual Plaque Polymorphism

Pan

Sun

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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A unique lytic phage infecting Hafnia paralvei was isolated and identified. Hafnia phage Ca belongs to the family Autographiviridae, possessing an icosahedral head with a diameter of 55 nm and a short non-contractile tail. Unusually, the burst size of Hafnia phage Ca of 10,292 ± 1,097 plaque-forming units (PFUs)/cell is much larger than other dsDNA phages reported before. Compared to the genome of the related phage, Hafnia phage Ca genome contains extra genes including DNA mimic ocr, dGTP triphosphohydrolase inhibitor, endonuclease, endonuclease VII, and HNH homing endonuclease gene. Extraordinarily, the phage developed different sizes of plaques when a single plaque was picked out and inoculated on a double-layer Luria broth agar plate with its host. Furthermore, varied packaging tightness for the tails of Hafnia phage Ca was observed (tail length: 4.35–45.92 nm). Most of the tails appeared to be like a cone with appendages, some were dot-like, bun-like, table tennis racket handle-like, and ponytail-like. Although the complete genome of Hafnia phage Ca is 40,286 bp, an incomplete genome with a deletion of a 397-bp fragment, containing one ORF predicted as HNH homing endonuclease gene (HEG), was also found by high throughput sequencing. Most of the genome of the virus particles in large plaques is complete (>98%), while most of the genome of the virus particles in small plaques is incomplete (>98%), and the abundance of both of them in medium-sized plaques is similar (complete, 40%; incomplete, 60%). In an experiment to see if the phage could be protective to brocade carps intramuscularly injected with H. paralvei LY-23 and phage Ca, the protection rate of Hafnia phage Ca to brocade carp (Cyprinus aka Koi) against H. paralvei was 33.38% (0.01 < p < 0.05). This study highlights some new insights into the peculiar biological and genomic characteristics of phage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Characterization of a Hafnia Phage Reveals Extraordinarily Large Burst Size and Unusual Plaque Polymorphism

Pan

Sun

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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“…No duplicates were found. We included in our analysis 447 cases—262 S. paucimobilis infections and 185 H. alvei infections ( Figure 3 ) [ 34 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated from Caves—Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Hafnia alvei and a Review of Their Involvement in Human Infections

Ionescu

Neagoe

Crăciun

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The opportunistic infections with Gram-negative bacilli are frequently reported. The clinical studies are focused on the course of human infectious and very often the source of infection remain unclear. We aim to see if the Gram-negative bacilli isolated from a non-contaminated environment—the caves—are reported in human infections. Eleven samples were collected from six Romanian caves. We used the standard procedure used in our clinical laboratory for bacterial identification and for antibiotic susceptibility testing of the cave isolates. Out of the 14 bacterial strains, three isolates are Gram-negative bacilli—one isolate belong to Hafnia alvei and two strains belong to Sphingomonas paucimobilis. We screened for the published studies—full-text original articles or review articles—that reported human infections with S. paucimobilis and H. alvei. Data sources—PubMed and Cochrane library. We retrieved 447 cases from 49 references—262 cases (58.61%) are S. paucimobilis infections and 185 cases (41.39%) are H. alvei infections. The types of infections are diverse but there are some infections more frequent; there are 116 cases (44.27%) and many infections of the bloodstream with S. paucimobilius (116 cases) and 121 cases (65.41%) are urinary tract infections with H. alvei. The acquired source of the bloodstream infections is reported for 93 of S. paucimobilis bloodstream infections—50 cases (43%) are hospital-acquired, and 40 cases (37%) are community-acquired. Most of the infections are reported in patients with different underlying conditions. There are 80 cases (17.9%) are reported of previously healthy persons. Out of the 72 cases of pediatric infections, 62 cases (86.11%) are caused by S. paucimobilis. There are ten death casualties—three are H. alvei infections, and seven are S. paucimobilis infections.

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“…Interestingly, the clinical case reported in Italy of H. alvei pneumonia under a COVID-19 patient described a severe disease progression, also with ECMO respiratory need, similar to our case. The authors conclude that COVID-19 influences the lung microbiota dynamics and favors the emergence of rare infectious diseases [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, this bacterium can be responsible for serious infections in neonates [13] and adults, especially in hospitalized patients with underlying chronic diseases, subjected to invasive procedures or even under antibiotic treatment [14]. Moreover, despite the limited studies worldwide, H. alvei was previously related to pneumonia clinical condition [10,12,[15][16][17][18]. Herein we report a case of a critically ill patient with SARS-CoV-2 and Hafnia alvei respiratory co-infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hafnia alvei Pneumonia: A Rare Cause of Infection in a Patient with COVID-19

2021

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Herein, we describe a case report of a critically ill patient, a 48-year-old man without comorbidities admitted to the hospital with a serious type 1 (hypoxemic) respiratory insufficiency and confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. After 5 days with invasive mechanical ventilation, the patient developed a bacterial co-infection, namely a pneumonia by Hafnia alvei, requiring the last line of respiratory support: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Subsequently, his clinical situation gradually stabilized, until he was discharged from the hospital on day 61, being accompanied in ambulatory consultation by the physical medicine and pulmonology department during the post-COVID-19 recovery. H. alvei is a Gram-negative bacterium that is rarely isolated from human specimens and is rarely considered to be pathogenic. However, COVID-19 disease can cause substantial organ dysfunction and can be associated with bacterial secondary infections which can favor the emergence of rare infectious diseases by uncommon microorganisms.

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COVID-19 influences lung microbiota dynamics and favors the emergence of rare infectious diseases: A case report of Hafnia Alvei pneumonia.

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

First Characterization of a Hafnia Phage Reveals Extraordinarily Large Burst Size and Unusual Plaque Polymorphism

First Characterization of a Hafnia Phage Reveals Extraordinarily Large Burst Size and Unusual Plaque Polymorphism

The Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated from Caves—Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Hafnia alvei and a Review of Their Involvement in Human Infections

Hafnia alvei Pneumonia: A Rare Cause of Infection in a Patient with COVID-19

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