SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection in a Healthcare Worker Despite the Presence of Detectable Neutralizing Antibodies

Brehm, Thomas Theo; Pfefferle, Susanne; Possel, Ronald von; Kobbe, Robin; Nörz, Dominik; Schmiedel, Stefan; Grundhoff, Adam; Olearo, Flaminia; Emmerich, Petra; Robitaille, Alexis; Guenther, Thomas; Braun, Platon; Andersen, Gabriele; Knobloch, J; Addo, Marylyn M.; Lohse, Ansgar W.; Aepfelbacher, Martin; Fischer, Nicole; Wiesch, Julian Schulze zur; Lütgehetmann, Marc

doi:10.3390/v13040661

Cited by 29 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In total, 35 articles describing the clinical courses of 60 unique individuals were identified that met the criteria. 7 – 14 , 18 – 43 An additional 114 articles were identified following abstract screening, but were not included in the analysis because they did not have sufficient sequencing results to conclude that the cases were reinfections. In total, 60 cases of verified reinfection were identified in this search.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reinfection Cases Corroborated by Sequencing

Massachi

Donohue

Kelly

2021

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Evaluating the reinfection may offer some insight into areas for further investigation regarding durability of immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Sixty cases of reinfection with viral sequencing were identified in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and medRxiv before May 1, 2021.Episodes of infection were separated by a median of 116 days. Severity of illness was greater among individuals reinfected within 90 days of initial infection, no asymptomatic initial cases developed severe reinfection, nearly half of cases had suspected escape variants, and nearly all individual tested following reinfection were found to have detectable levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. This analysis is limited by the heterogeneous methods used among reports. Reinfection continues to be relatively rare. As the case rate presumably increases over time, this review will inform measurements to determine the natural history and causal determinants of reinfection in more rigorous observational cohort studies and other standardized surveillance approaches.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reinfection Cases Corroborated by Sequencing

Massachi

Donohue

Kelly

2021

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…We restricted our search to publications in English. As of June 5, 2021 only six publications confirmed the hypothesis of reinfection (Adrielle Dos Santos et al 2021;Gupta et al 2020;Selhorst et al 2020;Loconsole et al 2021;Brehm et al 2021) through whole-genome sequencing, however not all have shown distinct variants for both infection episodes (Table S1).…”

Section: Evidence Before This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 symptomatic reinfection in four healthcare professionals from the same hospital despite the presence of antibodies

Gargouri

Souissi

Abid

et al. 2022

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Objectives Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, cases of reinfection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been reported, raising additional public health concerns. SARS-CoV-2 reinfection was assessed in healthcare workers in Tunisia, as they are at the greatest exposure to infection by different variants. Methods We conducted whole-genome sequencing of the viral RNA from clinical specimens at the initial infection and suspected second infection from four healthcare workers, working at the Habib Bourguiba University Hospital (Sfax, Tunisia), who were retested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR after recovery from a first infection. A total of 8 viral RNAs from the patients’ respiratory specimens were obtained, which allowed us to characterize the differences between viral genomes from initial infection and positive retest. The serology status for total Ig, IgG, and IgM against SARS-CoV-2 was also determined and followed after the first infection. Results We confirmed by whole-genome sequencing of the viral samples that all four cases experienced a reinfection event. The interval between the two infection events ranged from 45 to 141 days and symptoms were milder in the second infection for two patients and more severe for the two remaining cases. Reinfection occurred for all four cases, despite the presence of antibodies for three of them. Conclusion This study adds to the rapidly growing evidence of COVID-19 reinfection, where viral sequences were used to confirm infection by distinct isolates of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers. These findings suggest that individuals, who are exposed to different SARS-CoV-2 variants, might not acquire sufficiently protective immunity through natural infection and emphasis the necessity of their vaccination and the regular follow-up of their immune status both in quantitative and qualitative terms.

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“…If this increase was due to re-infection, a much steeper increase ( i.e. a booster) could be expected to be observed, at least temporarily ( 8 ). In addition, nasopharyngeal swabs and stool samples for PCR testing were taken at every visit, but none of them were found positive results in any of the individuals within this group; obviously, this observation does not allow to rule out a potential re-infection or re-exposure during the observation period with certainty.…”

Section: To the Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent humoral responses in mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection over time – indication of persistence of the virus?

Bürgi¹,

Rösslein

Hornung³

et al. 2022

Journal of Infection

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SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection in a Healthcare Worker Despite the Presence of Detectable Neutralizing Antibodies

Cited by 29 publications

References 34 publications

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reinfection Cases Corroborated by Sequencing

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reinfection Cases Corroborated by Sequencing

Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 symptomatic reinfection in four healthcare professionals from the same hospital despite the presence of antibodies

Divergent humoral responses in mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection over time – indication of persistence of the virus?

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