Improved Detection of Intestinal Helminth Infections with a Formalin Ethyl-Acetate-Based Concentration Technique Compared to a Crude Formalin Concentration Technique

Brummaier, Tobias; Archasuksan, Laypaw; Watthanakulpanich, Dorn; Paris, Daniel; Utzinger, Jürg; McGready, Rose; Proux, Stéphane; Nosten, François

doi:10.3390/tropicalmed6020051

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In some instances where the FECT detected A. lumbricoides - or T. trichiura -positive samples but the FA280 analyzer yielded negative results, only a few or rare parasite eggs were observed under the microscope. Stool samples with a high abundance of parasite eggs can increase detection rates in microscopy-based examinations [ 30 ]. Thus, in stool samples with low density of the parasites eggs, along with the lower amount of the stool samples usage, might have led to the lower detection rate of FA-280.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-throughput detection of parasites and ova in stool using the fully automatic digital feces analyzer, orienter model fa280

Boonyong,

Hunnangkul,

Vijit

et al. 2024

Parasites Vectors

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Background Intestinal parasitic infections can harm health by causing malnutrition, anemia, impaired growth and cognitive development, and alterations in microbiota composition and immune responses. Therefore, it is crucial to examine stool samples to diagnose parasitic infections. However, the traditional microscopic detection method is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and dependent on the expertise and training of microscopists. Hence, there is a need for a low-complexity, high-throughput, and cost-effective alternative to labor-intensive microscopic examinations. Methods This study aimed to compare the performance of a fully automatic digital feces analyzer, Orienter Model FA280 (People’s Republic of China) with that of the formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique (FECT). We assessed and compared the agreement between the FA280 and the FECT for parasite detection and species identification in stool samples. The first part of the study analyzed 200 fresh stool samples for parasite detection using the FECT and FA280. With the FA280, the automatic feces analyzer performed the testing, and the digital microscope images were uploaded and automatically evaluated using an artificial intelligence (AI) program. Additionally, a skilled medical technologist conducted a user audit of the FA280 findings. The second set of samples comprised 800 preserved stool samples (preserved in 10% formalin). These samples were examined for parasites using the FECT and FA280 with a user audit. Results For the first set of stool samples, there was no statistically significant difference in the pairwise agreements between the FECT and the FA280 with a user audit (exact binomial test, P = 1). However, there were statistically significant differences between the pairwise agreements for the FECT and the FA280 with the AI report (McNemar’s test, P < 0.001). The agreement for the species identification of parasites between the FA280 with AI report and FECT showed fair agreement (overall agreement = 75.5%, kappa [κ] = 0.367, 95% CI 0.248–0.486). On the other hand, the user audit for the FA280 and FECT showed perfect agreement (overall agreement = 100%, κ = 1.00, 95% CI 1.00–1.00). For the second set of samples, the FECT detected significantly more positive samples for parasites than the FA280 with a user audit (McNemar’s test, P < 0.001). The disparity in results may be attributed to the FECT using significantly larger stool samples than those used by the FA280. The larger sample size used by the FECT potentially contributed to the higher parasite detection rate. Regarding species identification, there was strong agreement between the FECT and the FA280 with a user audit for helminths (κ = 0.857, 95% CI 0.82–0.894). Similarly, there was perfect agreement for the species identification of protozoa between the FECT and the FA280 with user audit (κ = 1.00, 95% CI 1.00–1.00). Conclusions Although the FA280 has advantages in terms of simplicity, shorter performance time, and reduced contamination in the laboratory, there are some limitations to consider. These include a higher cost per sample testing and a lower sensitivity compared to the FECT. However, the FA280 enables rapid, convenient, and safe stool examination of parasitic infections. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-throughput detection of parasites and ova in stool using the fully automatic digital feces analyzer, orienter model fa280

Boonyong,

Hunnangkul,

Vijit

et al. 2024

Parasites Vectors

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“…Then, the volume was measured using counted drops. One drop was used for slide preparation [ 27 ]. Nematode eggs were identified morphologically and by size.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of major nematodes and human factors that affect infection in the zebra dove in a closed cage system

et al. 2022

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Background and Aim: Roundworms cause infections in the avian population that lead to illness and poor production. The singing zebra dove is an economically important animal in the Indo-Malay region. The prevalence of these parasitic groups in zebra doves is unknown. This study estimated the prevalence and associated human risk factors of gastrointestinal nematode infections in zebra dove farming. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to April 2021. The study was conducted on 184 doves in three zebra dove farms. Fecal samples were collected from pooled zebra dove droppings. Major proportions and infection intensity of gastrointestinal nematodes were morphologically identified and morphometrically investigated. Associated human factors were assessed through the interview surveys among farmers. Results: Results showed that 36.96% of the zebra doves were infected. The primary nematodes were Ascaridia galli (34.78%), Heterakis gallinarum (6.52%), Trichostrongylus tenuis (2.17%), Syngamus spp. (4.35%), and Amidostomum spp. (2.17%). The primary human factors that contribute to parasitic infection were poor hygiene, food contamination with parasites, and inappropriate deworming. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in the zebra dove in the close cage system. Human factors played key roles as risk factors, and improves farming management will help reduce parasitic infections. However, these nematodes may contribute to poor health status and poor productivity of zebra doves. Further extensive studies on clinical signs and pathological changes should be conducted.

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“…The parasitological assessments used two standard methods such as Kato-Katz (KK) [23] and formalinethyl acetate concentration technique (FECT) [24,25]. Detailed parasitological examination procedures were outlined in Vonghachack and colleagues (2017) [3].…”

Section: Parasitological Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Eco-health control package significantly reduces helminth infections in endemic Khong islands with particular emphasis on Schistosoma mekongi

Sayasone,

Vonghachack,

Xia

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Back ground : Schistosomiasis, caused by Schistosoma mekongi, remains public health concern on islands in the Khong district, Champasack province, Southern Lao PDR. Other helminth infections, including Opisthorchis viverrini, hookworm, and Trichuris trichiura, are also prevalent on these islands. This study aimed to assess the impact of an Eco-health/One-health intervention package combined with mass drug administration (MDA) on these helminth infections. Methods We conducted a community intervention using a stepped-wedge trial approach on two endemic islands (Donsom and Donkhone) of the Kong district, Champasack province, Lao PDR, between April 2012 and March 2013. After the baseline (T0), the eco-health/one-health intervention package was implemented on Donsom (intervention) and Donkhone island (control). An assessment was conducted in 2014 (T1), one year after the completion of intervention implementation, to assess the short-term impact of the Eco-health/One-health intervention package on helminth infections and compare intervention and control islands. Later in 2015, the Eco-health/One-health intervention package was implemented on control island (Donkhone). After the implementation of intervention, the parasitological assessments were conducted annually in humans in 2015 (T2), in 2016 (T3) and in 2017 (T4), and in dogs in 2017 (T4) to evaluate the long-term impact of the intervention on helminth infections. Results Results showed that the Eco-health/One-health intervention package significantly reduced the infection with S. mekongi by 9.0% compared to the use of mass drug administration alone (control island). Additionally, this intervention package significantly reduced O. viverrini infection by 20.3% and hookworm by 17.9%. Annual parasitological assessments between 2012 and 2017 showed that the eco-health/one-health intervention package, coupled with MDA, steadily reduced the prevalence of S. mekongi on the intervention island from 29.1–1.8% and on the control island from 28.4–3.1%, respectively. Conclusion The study findings suggest that the Eco-health/One-health intervention significantly contributes to the prevalence reduction of S. mekongi and helminth co-infections, particularly hookworm and T. trichiura. Therefore, implementing the Eco-health/One-health intervention in schistosomiasis-endemic areas could accelerate the achievement of national goals for transmission interruption by 2025 and elimination by 2030.

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Improved Detection of Intestinal Helminth Infections with a Formalin Ethyl-Acetate-Based Concentration Technique Compared to a Crude Formalin Concentration Technique

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

High-throughput detection of parasites and ova in stool using the fully automatic digital feces analyzer, orienter model fa280

High-throughput detection of parasites and ova in stool using the fully automatic digital feces analyzer, orienter model fa280

Prevalence of major nematodes and human factors that affect infection in the zebra dove in a closed cage system

Integrated Eco-health control package significantly reduces helminth infections in endemic Khong islands with particular emphasis on Schistosoma mekongi

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