A Complementary Herbal Product for Controlling Giardiasis

Abd-Elhamid, Tarek Hamdy; Abdel-Rahman, Iman A. M.; Mahmoud, Amany Refaat; Allemailem, Khaled S.; Almatroudi, Ahmad; Fouad, Samer S.; Abdella, Osama H; Elshabrawy, Hatem A.; El-Kady, Asmaa M

doi:10.3390/antibiotics10050477

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Recent studies have also shown the importance not only of CD4 + producing Th1 cytokines, IFNγ and TNFα, but also of CD4+ producing IL-17A cells (Th17) in acute giardiasis Saghaug et al 26 Our results are consistent with the findings of Abd-Elhamid et al, 58 who found increased levels of IL-6, IFNγ and TNFα with lowered NO production in hamsters infected with G. lamblia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Giardia induced the same degree of proliferation and interferon γ production by CD4 + T‐lymphocytes in intestine and blood Weatherhead et al 23 Moraes et al 57 suggest that IFN‐γ plays a beneficial role for the host by activating neutrophils and MN cells to kill the parasite. Recent studies have also shown the importance not only of CD4 + producing Th1 cytokines, IFN‐γ and TNF‐α, but also of CD4+ producing IL‐17A cells (Th17) in acute giardiasis Saghaug et al 26 Our results are consistent with the findings of Abd‐Elhamid et al, 58 who found increased levels of IL‐6, IFN‐γ and TNF‐α with lowered NO production in hamsters infected with G. lamblia .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Evaluation of immune response and haematological parameters in infected male albino rats by giardiasis

Abo-Zaid

Hamdi

2022

Parasite Immunology

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Giardia lamblia is the etiological mediator of giardiasis, one of the most widespread gastrointestinal illnesses all over the world. 1 This parasitic infection seems to be the primary cause of non-viral or bacterial diarrhoea in humans and other vertebrates. 2 Giardiasis causes a wide range of medical symptoms including continuous diarrhoea along with abdominal pain and nausea, or no symptoms at all. Although re-infection and chronic infection are possible, most infections are self-limiting. 3 Giardia usually has a simple life cycle consisting of two separate phases of structural and biochemical developments: trophozoite (vegetative form), which colonizes the host intestine, and cyst (infective form), which is resistant in different environmental conditions. 4 Infection occurs when a host directly ingests feasible cysts or polluted water and food (the infective dose for a symptomatic contagion is about 10-100 cysts). 5 In giardiasis, severe pathophysiology occurs without trophozoites invading the small intestinal tissues. 6 The protozoan's direct and indirect pathogenic actions cause harm to the absorptive mucosa, resulting in enterocyte apoptosis and accelerated cell turnover, shortened villus,

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Evaluation of immune response and haematological parameters in infected male albino rats by giardiasis

Abo-Zaid

Hamdi

2022

Parasite Immunology

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“…Group A represent uninfected mice (negative control) while Groups B, C, and D were starved for 12 h then orally infected, each with 300 T. spiralis larvae, using a syringe ( 24 ). Group B did not receive any treatment (infected untreated mice), whereas Group C and D infected mice were treated with 50 mg/kg albendazole ( 49 ) and 300 mg/kg of the A. annua ethanolic extract, respectively ( 18 , 33 ). All treatments started from the third day post-infection (3 dpi) for three consecutive days ( 18 , 50 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Artemisia annua (A. annua) , a plant known for its malarial properties, has been researched for a variety of biological activities, including anticancer, antidiabetic, and antibacterial properties ( 25 – 32 ). In addition to treatment of several parasitic diseases such as giardiasis ( 33 ), toxoplasmosis ( 34 ) and leishmaniasis ( 35 ). A. annua contains a wide range of chemical compounds ( 36 , 37 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A potential herbal therapeutic for trichinellosis

et al. 2022

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BackgroundTrichinellosis is a helminthic disease caused by Trichinella spiralis via the ingestion of raw or undercooked meat of infected animals. Current estimates indicate that 11 million humans have trichinellosis, worldwide. The effective use of anti-trichinella medications is limited by side effects and resistance which highlight the critical need for safe and effective drugs, particularly those derived from medicinal plants. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the ethanolic extract of Artemisia annua (A. annua) in treatment of experimentally induced trichinellosis.Materials and methodsTrichinellosis was induced experimentally in male 6–8 weeks BALB/c mice. BALB/c mice were divided into four groups, 10 mice each. One group was left uninfected and untreated, whereas three groups were infected with T. spiralis. One infected group of mice was left untreated (negative control) while the remaining two infected groups received either 300 mg/kg of the ethanolic extract of A. annua or 50 mg/kg of albendazole (positive control). All treatments started from the third day post-infection (dpi) for 3 successive days. All animals were sacrificed on the 7th dpi for evaluation of treatment efficacy.ResultsOur findings showed that A. annua treatment reduced the T. spiralis adult-worm count in the intestine of infected animals. Moreover, treatment with A. annua restored the normal intestinal architecture, reduced edema, alleviated inflammation as demonstrated by reduced inflammatory infiltrate and expression of TGF-β in intestinal tissues of A. annua-treated animals compared to infected untreated animals.ConclusionsOur findings show that A. annua extract is effective in treating experimentally induced trichinellosis which highlight the therapeutic potential of A. annua for intestinal trichinellosis.

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“…Thereby, the giardicidal effect of ginger was more pronounced than the effect of curcumin [ 127 ]. In vitro assessment also indicated a dose-dependent giardicidal effect of a chloroformic extract of Artemisia annua [ 128 , 129 ]. Olive leaf extracts and extracts of Satureja khuzestanica (a plant used for medical purposes by nomads in southwestern Iran) show in vitro giardicidal effects in the range of metronidazole or better [ 130 ].…”

Section: Treatment Attempts Alternative To the “5-nitroimidazoles Standard”mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance of the enteric protozoon Giardia duodenalis – A narrative review

Loderstädt

Frickmann

2021

EuJMI

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IntroductionAs therapy-refractory giardiasis is an emerging health issue, this review aimed at summarizing mechanisms of reduced antimicrobial susceptibility in Giardia duodenalis and strategies to overcome this problem.MethodsA narrative review on antimicrobial resistance in G. duodenalis was based upon a selective literature research.ResultsFailed therapeutic success has been observed for all standard therapies of giardiasis comprising nitroimidazoles like metronidazole or tinidazole as first line substances but also benznidazoles like albendazole and mebendazole, the nitrofuran furazolidone, the thiazolide nitazoxanide, and the aminoglycoside paromomycin. Multicausality of the resistance phenotypes has been described, with differentiated gene expression due to epigenetic and post-translational modifications playing a considerable bigger role than mutational base exchanges in the parasite DNA. Standardized resistance testing algorithms are not available and clinical evidence for salvage therapies is scarce in spite of research efforts targeting new giardicidal drugs.ConclusionIn case of therapeutic failure of first line nitroimidazoles, salvage strategies including various options for combination therapy exist in spite of limited evidence and lacking routine diagnostic-compatible assays for antimicrobial susceptibility testing in G. duodenalis. Sufficiently powered clinical and diagnostic studies are needed to overcome both the lacking evidence regarding salvage therapy and the diagnostic neglect of antimicrobial resistance.

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A Complementary Herbal Product for Controlling Giardiasis

Cited by 7 publications

References 89 publications

Evaluation of immune response and haematological parameters in infected male albino rats by giardiasis

Evaluation of immune response and haematological parameters in infected male albino rats by giardiasis

A potential herbal therapeutic for trichinellosis

Antimicrobial resistance of the enteric protozoon Giardia duodenalis – A narrative review

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