Olive Fruit Extracts Supplement Improve Antioxidant Capacity via Altering Colonic Microbiota Composition in Mice

Abstract

Oxidative stress, one of the most common biological dysfunctions, is usually associated with pathological conditions and multiple diseases in humans and animals. Chinese olive fruit (Canarium album L.) extracts (OE) are natural plant extracts rich in polyphenols (such as hydroxytyrosol, HT) and with antioxidant, anti-hyperlipidemia, and anti-inflammatory potentials. This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant capacity of OE supplementation and its related molecular mechanism in mice. Mice (25.46 ± 1.65 g) were treated with 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) OE or saline solution for 4 weeks, and then the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities of mice were examined. The results showed that OE supplement significantly increased the serum antioxidative enzyme activities of total antioxidant activity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase and decreased the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level, indicating that OE treatment enhanced the antioxidant capacity in mice. qPCR results showed that the transcriptional expression of antioxidant SOD1, CAT, Gpx1, and Gpx2 were significantly down-regulated in the small intestine (jejunum and ileum) after OE administration. Meanwhile, OE treatment significantly decreased the T-AOC and increased the MDA level in the small intestine. Furthermore, OE administration dramatically reduced the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), which confirmed its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities with OE administration. Using amplicon sequencing technology, 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that OE supplement significantly increased the colonic Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, which also had a negative correlation with the serum MDA level and positively correlated with serum GSH-Px activity through Pearson correlation analysis. Besides that, Alloprevotella was negatively correlated with serum T-AOC. Colidextribacter was positively correlated with serum MDA and negatively correlated with serum T-AOC, SOD, and GSH-Px levels. In summary, this study showed that treatment with 100 mg/kg BW polyphenol-rich OE could alter colonic microbiota community, which was strongly associated with improved antioxidant capacity in mice.

Oral Pathobiont-Induced Changes in Gut Microbiota Aggravate the Pathology of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice

“…Additionally, the fundamental effect of P. gingivalis on the gut microbiota was evident after the change in diet (TP3 in Figure 4B ). Although the role of these bacteria in liver pathology has not been clarified, Colidextribacter has recently been reported to be positively correlated with serum levels of oxidative markers ( 50 ) and hyperlipidemia-related parameters ( 51 ). In addition, functional enrichment analysis of the expression profiles of genes in the liver demonstrated that the genes involved in the response to oxidative stress were enriched (Cluster 4) in Pg mice.…”

Hydroxytyrosol Benefits Boar Semen Quality via Improving Gut Microbiota and Blood Metabolome

“…Previous studies have reported that dietary supplementation of antioxidants, such as lysine and L-arginine could improve sperm quality in boars ( 3 , 4 ). Our recent study found that HT had antioxidant effects via modulating gut microbiota and enhancing the expressions of antioxidant enzymes in mice ( 11 ). In current investigation, we found that dietary supplementation of HT tended to increase the semen quality, which may be associated with the alterations in gut microbiota and plasma metabolites.…”

“…Boars in the control group (Con) were fed with a commercially prepared corn and soybean meal-based diet ( Table 1 ), and boars in the HT supplement group (HT) were fed with a basal diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg body weight of HT. The dose of HT was adopted according to our previous mice experiment ( 11 ). The boars received two meals at 11:00 and 17:00 and the total feed intake amounts were 2.5 kg (1.25 kg per meal) every day.…”

“…Furthermore, Wei et al reported that HT increased bacterial membrane permeabilization and then interacted with DNA, which collectively inhibited bacterial growth ( 10 ). Our recent study also showed that olive fruit extracts enriching HT exhibited strong antioxidant effects by benefiting gut microbiota in mice ( 11 ). Moreover, our previous study found that improved gut microbiota was able to ameliorate sperm quality by modulating the plasma metabolomes and small intestinal function in mice ( 12 , 13 ).…”

Early-Life Nutrition Interventions Improved Growth Performance and Intestinal Health via the Gut Microbiota in Piglets

“…Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain ( 18 ), and viewed under an optical microscope. The crypt depth was determined following a method described by Wang et al ( 19 ).…”