To Detect and Reject, Parallel Roles for Taste and Immunity

Goodman, Jason; Dando, Robin

doi:10.1007/s13668-021-00355-3

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Several studies have shown that obesity is associated with taste changes, particularly a reduction in taste acuity and taste bud abundance. For example, hypothalamic and brainstem T1R3 and T2R116 taste receptors as well as signaling molecules such as Gα14 and TRPM5 were downregulated by obesity in mice [ 137 , 138 ]. In humans, loss of taste was associated with selection of high caloric foods [ 139 ]; however, the evidence linking taste responses and taste gene polymorphism is limited [ 140 ] Conversely, weight loss such in patients undergoing bariatric surgery results in rapid changes in taste which may be due to the overall reduction in inflammation and/or in response to physiological and metabolic changes due to the anatomical reconfiguration of the GI tract [ 141 , 142 ].…”

Section: Clinical Implication Of Microbiota/taste Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Gut Microbes Taste?

Leung

Covașă

2021

Nutrients

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Gut microbiota has emerged as a major metabolically active organ with critical functions in both health and disease. The trillions of microorganisms hosted by the gastrointestinal tract are involved in numerous physiological and metabolic processes including modulation of appetite and regulation of energy in the host spanning from periphery to the brain. Indeed, bacteria and their metabolic byproducts are working in concert with the host chemosensory signaling pathways to affect both short- and long-term ingestive behavior. Sensing of nutrients and taste by specialized G protein-coupled receptor cells is important in transmitting food-related signals, optimizing nutrition as well as in prevention and treatment of several diseases, notably obesity, diabetes and associated metabolic disorders. Further, bacteria metabolites interact with specialized receptors cells expressed by gut epithelium leading to taste and appetite response changes to nutrients. This review describes recent advances on the role of gut bacteria in taste perception and functions. It further discusses how intestinal dysbiosis characteristic of several pathological conditions may alter and modulate taste preference and food consumption via changes in taste receptor expression.

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Section: Clinical Implication Of Microbiota/taste Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Gut Microbes Taste?

Leung

Covașă

2021

Nutrients

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“…Therefore, it is not unexpected that several mechanisms of human innate immunity are based on components of taste signal transduction [7]. In this line, several studies in the literature have reported that these two systems can interact and influence each other [37]; in fact, taste alterations have been linked with several inflammatory and autoimmune disorders (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome) [38] and upper respiratory infections, with COVID-19 as a representative case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bittersweet Symphony of COVID-19: Associations between TAS1Rs and TAS2R38 Genetic Variations and COVID-19 Symptoms

Santin,

Spedicati,

Pecori

et al. 2024

Life

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The innate immune system is crucial in fighting SARS-CoV-2 infection, which is responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, deepening our understanding of the underlying immune response mechanisms is fundamental for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. The role of extra-oral bitter (TAS2Rs) and sweet (TAS1Rs) taste receptors in immune response regulation has yet to be fully understood. However, a few studies have investigated the association between taste receptor genes and COVID-19 symptom severity, with controversial results. Therefore, this study aims to deepen the relationship between COVID-19 symptom presence/severity and TAS1R and TAS2R38 (TAS2Rs member) genetic variations in a cohort of 196 COVID-19 patients. Statistical analyses detected significant associations between rs307355 of the TAS1R3 gene and the following COVID-19-related symptoms: chest pain and shortness of breath. Specifically, homozygous C/C patients are exposed to an increased risk of manifesting severe forms of chest pain (OR 8.11, 95% CI 2.26–51.99) and shortness of breath (OR 4.83, 95% CI 1.71–17.32) in comparison with T/C carriers. Finally, no significant associations between the TAS2R38 haplotype and the presence/severity of COVID-19 symptoms were detected. This study, taking advantage of a clinically and genetically characterised cohort of COVID-19 patients, revealed TAS1R3 gene involvement in determining COVID-19 symptom severity independently of TAS2R38 activity, thus providing novel insights into the role of TAS1Rs in regulating the immune response to viral infections.

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“…Food antigens and the immune system have the oral cavity as the first meeting place. Here, the functional roles of immunity and taste overlap, deciding what to ‘allow’ in and what to reject 34 . Thus, it is foreseeable that these systems may interact and influence each other.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of taste perception, food neophobia and oral microbiota composition in children with food allergy

D’Auria¹,

Cattaneo²,

Panelli³

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Currently, the mechanisms underlying sensory perception and sensory performance in children with food allergies are far from being understood. As well, only recently, single research afforded the oral host-commensal milieu, addressing oral microbial communities in children with peanut allergies. To bridge the current gaps in knowledge both in the sensory and microbial fields, a psychophysiological case–control study was performed in allergic children (n = 29) and a healthy sex-age-matched control group (n = 30). Taste perception, food neophobia, and liking were compared in allergic and non-allergic children. The same subjects were characterized for their oral microbiota composition by addressing saliva to assess whether specific profiles were associated with the loss of oral tolerance in children with food allergies. Our study evidenced an impaired ability to correctly identify taste qualities in the allergic group compared to controls. These results were also consistent with anatomical data related to the fungiform papillae on the tongue, which are lower in number in the allergic group. Furthermore, distinct oral microbial profiles were associated with allergic disease, with significant down-representations of the phylum Firmicutes and of the genera Veillonella spp., Streptococcus spp., Prevotella spp., and Neisseria spp. For the first time, this study emphasizes the link between sensory perception and food allergy, which is a novel and whole-organism view of this pathology. Our data indicated that an impaired taste perception, as regards both functionality and physiologically, was associated with food allergy, which marginally influences the food neophobia attitude. It is also accompanied by compositional shifts in oral microbiota, which is, in turn, another actor of this complex interplay and is deeply interconnected with mucosal immunity. This multidisciplinary research will likely open exciting new approaches to therapeutic interventions.

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To Detect and Reject, Parallel Roles for Taste and Immunity

Cited by 8 publications

References 88 publications

Do Gut Microbes Taste?

Do Gut Microbes Taste?

The Bittersweet Symphony of COVID-19: Associations between TAS1Rs and TAS2R38 Genetic Variations and COVID-19 Symptoms

Alteration of taste perception, food neophobia and oral microbiota composition in children with food allergy

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