The impact of Sambucus nigra L. extract on inflammation, oxidative stress and tissue remodeling in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide-induced subacute rhinosinusitis

Combination of Merocel sponge with Lipopolysaccharide to establish rat rhinosinusitis model

“… 32 In our study, we showed that the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were increased in experimental groups compared with the control group, and our findings were consistent with other studies conducted previously. 20 In addition, we found that compared with LPS group, the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and the expressions of TLR4, MyD88, and pp65 protein were significantly increased in Merocel sponge combined with LPS group. The results showed that LPS induced the production of sinus mucosal inflammation through TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway and the effect was more significant in Merocel sponge combined with LPS group.…”

“… 14 Tiboc-Schnell established an experimental rat model of acute rhinosinusitis by intranasal instillation of 5 μg and 10 μg of LPS (from E. coli ) to Wister rats for seven consecutive days, and found that rats developed nasal congestion and erythema when repeatedly administered LPS for four days. 20 Wang successfully developed a mouse chronic rhinosinusitis model by administration of sufficient amounts of LPS over a prolonged period of time. 2 …”

In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Activities of Black Elder (Sambucus nigra L.) Fruit and Flower Extracts

“…Notably, the polyphenol content of the fruit extract was found to be about 1.4 times higher than that of the flower extract, due to the high content of anthocyanins: 50,557.1 mg/100 g DW, of which there are 24,341.1 ± 1017.4 mg/100 g DW cyanidin-3-glucoside and 21,051.4 ± 951.5 mg/100 g DW cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside [ 31 ]. Many medicinal plants, rich in polyphenols, have shown anti-inflammatory activity in pharmacological experiments [ 44 ], and polyphenols have shown an ability to suppress prostaglandin pathways [ 13 , 37 , 45 ]. For example, flavones effectively reduce the synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 [ 46 , 47 ], whereas flavonoids can inhibit eicosanoids such as prostaglandins, decreasing inflammation and pain in cancer patients [ 48 ].…”

Research progress of glucocorticoid resistance in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: A review

“…The lipopolysaccharide of gram-negative bacterial products, in addition to its toxic effects, can also elicit immune responses. [46,47] Fernández-Bertolín et al [48] found that LPS weakens the nuclear transport capability of GRα. In addition, Cosio et al [49] conducted in vitro experiments demonstrating that Haemophilus influenzae can induce GCR in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD).…”