Genetic basis of offspring number–body weight tradeoff in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>

Akhund-Zade, Jamilla; Lall, Shraddha; Gajda, Erika; Yoon, Denise; Ayroles, Julien F.; Bivort, Benjamin L. de

doi:10.1093/g3journal/jkab129

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…The posterior lobes were significantly larger when Sox21b expression was reduced by RNAi in D. melanogaster (with and without accounting for body size) evidencing a possible repressive function consistent with the expression and difference in size of this structure between D. mauritiana and D. simulans (Figure 1B, 1C and 1D; Table S1). This reveals a new role for Sox21b in male Drosophila genital development 38,39 . Furthermore, although the posterior lobes of the D. melanogaster species subgroup have been shown to have evolved from cooption of the Hox regulated gene network ancestrally involved in posterior spiracle formation 10 , none of the genes involved in subsequent posterior lobe diversification among these species have yet been identified.…”

Section: Identification Of Transcription Factors Regulating the Devel...mentioning

confidence: 85%

Sox21bunderlies the rapid diversification of a novel male genital structure betweenDrosophilaspecies

Ridgway,

Hood,

Jimenez

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The emergence and subsequent diversification of morphological novelties is a major feature of animal evolution1–9. However, in most cases little is known about the molecular basis of the evolution of novel structures and the genetic mechanisms underlying their diversification. The epandrial posterior lobes of the male genital arch is a novelty of some species of the Drosophila melanogaster subgroup10–13. The posterior lobes grasp the ovipositor of the female and then integrate between her abdominal tergites, and therefore these structures are important for copulation and species-recognition10–12,14–17. The posterior lobes evolved from co-option of a Hox regulated gene network from the posterior spiracles10and have since diversified in shape and size in the D. simulans clade in particular over the last 240,000 years driven by sexual selection18–21. The genetic basis of this diversification is highly polygenic but to the best of our knowledge none of the causative genes have yet been identified despite extensive mapping22–30. Identifying the genes underlying the diversification of these secondary sexual structures is essential to understanding the basis of changes in their morphology and the evolutionary impact on copulation and species recognition. Here, we show that the transcription factor encoded by Sox21b negatively regulates posterior lobe size during development. This is consistent with higher and expanded expression of Sox21b in D. mauritiana, which develops smaller posterior lobes compared to D. simulans. We tested this by generating reciprocal hemizygotes and confirmed that changes in Sox21b underlie posterior lobe evolution between these two species. Furthermore, we found that differences in posterior lobe size caused by the species-specific allele of Sox21b significantly affect the duration of copulation. Taken together, our study reveals the genetic basis for the sexual selection driven diversification of a novel morphological structure and its functional impact on copulatory behaviour.

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Section: Identification Of Transcription Factors Regulating the Devel...mentioning

confidence: 85%

Sox21bunderlies the rapid diversification of a novel male genital structure betweenDrosophilaspecies

Ridgway,

Hood,

Jimenez

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…By contrasts, relatively small eggs tend to hatch faster but at a lower survival rate ( 54 , 60 ). Egg production is also a measure of female fecundity because represents the number of offspring ( 61 , 62 ). In this study, number of eggs laid ( Figure 5A ) and weight of egg pod ( Figure 5B ) decreased significantly after microsporidian infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of yolk formation, oviposition and egg quality of locust (Locusta migratoria manilensis) infected by Paranosema locustae

Wang

Tang

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Locusta migratoria manilensis is one of the most important agricultural pests in China. The locust has high fecundity and consumes large quantities of food, causing severe damage to diverse crops such as corn, sorghum, and rice. Immunity against pathogens and reproductive success are two important components of individual fitness, and many insects have a trade-off between reproduction and immunity when resources are limited, which may be an important target for pest control. In this study, adult females L. migratoria manilensis were treated with different concentrations (5 × 106 spores/mL or 2 × 107 spores/mL) of the entomopathogenic fungus Paranosema locustae. Effects of input to immunity on reproduction were studied by measuring feeding amount, enzyme activity, vitellogenin (Vg) and vitellogenin receptor (VgR) production, ovary development, and oviposition amount. When infected by P. locustae, feeding rate and phenol oxidase and lysozyme activities increased, mRNA expression of Vg and VgR genes decreased, and yolk deposition was blocked. Weight of ovaries decreased, with significant decreases in egg, length and weight.Thus, locusts used nutritive input required for reproduction to resist invasion by microsporidia. This leads to a decrease in expression of Vg and VgR genes inhibited ovarian development, and greatly decreased total fecundity. P. locustae at 2 × 107 spores/mL had a more obvious inhibitory effect on the ovarian development in migratory locusts. This study provides a detailed trade-off between reproduction and immune input of the female, which provides a reliable basis to find pest targets for biological control from those trade-off processes.

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“…The offspring of those gravid females were inbred for several generations, then 205 lines were sequenced and made available to the public. This allows for a standard genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach to determining the genetic basis of phenotypic variation and has been used widely for several different phenotypes [32][33][34][35][36][37], including response to infection [21,38,39]. The second panel is the Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource (DSPR) [40,41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genetic basis of variation in immune defense against Lysinibacillus fusiformis infection in Drosophila melanogaster

Smith,

Patch,

Gupta

et al. 2023

PLoS Pathog

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The genetic causes of phenotypic variation often differ depending on the population examined, particularly if the populations were founded by relatively small numbers of genotypes. Similarly, the genetic causes of phenotypic variation among similar traits (resistance to different xenobiotic compounds or pathogens) may also be completely different or only partially overlapping. Differences in genetic causes for variation in the same trait among populations suggests context dependence for how selection acts on those traits. Similarities in the genetic causes of variation for different traits, on the other hand, suggests pleiotropy which would also influence how natural selection shapes variation in a trait. We characterized immune defense against a natural Drosophila pathogen, the Gram-positive bacterium Lysinibacillus fusiformis, in three different populations and found almost no overlap in the genetic architecture of variation in survival post infection. However, when comparing our results to a similar experiment with the fungal pathogen, B. bassiana, we found a convincing shared QTL peak for both pathogens. This peak contains the Bomanin cluster of Drosophila immune effectors. Loss of function mutants and RNAi knockdown experiments confirms a role of some of these genes in immune defense against both pathogens. This suggests that natural selection may act on the entire cluster of Bomanin genes (and the linked region under the QTL) or specific peptides for specific pathogens.

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Genetic basis of offspring number–body weight tradeoff in Drosophila melanogaster

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

Sox21bunderlies the rapid diversification of a novel male genital structure betweenDrosophilaspecies

Sox21bunderlies the rapid diversification of a novel male genital structure betweenDrosophilaspecies

Suppression of yolk formation, oviposition and egg quality of locust (Locusta migratoria manilensis) infected by Paranosema locustae

The genetic basis of variation in immune defense against Lysinibacillus fusiformis infection in Drosophila melanogaster

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