Suicide Behavior and Its Predictors in Patients with Schizophrenia in Ethiopia

Ayalew, Mohammed; Defar, Semira; Reta, Yared

doi:10.1155/2021/6662765

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Studies from populations in sub-Saharan Africa on suicidal attempts in persons with schizophrenia are scarce. A study in Ethiopia found an SB prevalence of 30% (31), which is closely similar to our study (32%); however, in Nigeria, the prevalence of SB was higher than in our study at 43% (32). This higher prevalence was attributed to the very high levels of stigma for schizophrenia and psychotic disorders found in Nigeria (33).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Suicidal attempts and ideations in Kenyan adults with psychotic disorders: An observational study of frequency and associated risk factors

Ongeri

Kariuki²,

Nyawira³

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundPsychotic disorders increase the risk for premature mortality with up to 40% of this mortality attributable to suicide. Although suicidal ideation (SI) and suicidal behavior (SB) are high in persons with psychotic disorders in sub-Saharan Africa, there is limited data on the risk of suicide and associated factors among persons with psychotic disorders.MethodsWe assessed SI and SB in persons with psychotic disorders, drawn from a large case-control study examining the genetics of psychotic disorders in a Kenyan population. Participants with psychotic disorders were identified using a clinical review of records, and the diagnosis was confirmed with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). We conducted bivariate and multivariate logistic (for binary suicide outcomes) or linear regression (for suicide risk score) analysis for each of the suicide variables, with demographic and clinical variables as determinants.ResultsOut of 619 participants, any current SI or lifetime suicidal attempts was reported by 203 (32.8%) with psychotic disorders, of which 181 (29.2%) had a lifetime suicidal attempt, 60 (9.7%) had SI in the past month, and 38 (20.9%) had both. Family history of suicidality was significantly associated with an increased risk of suicidality across all the following four outcomes: SI [OR = 2.56 (95% CI: 1.34–4.88)], suicidal attempts [OR = 2.01 (95% CI: 1.31–3.06)], SI and SB [OR = 2.00 (95% CI: 1.31–3.04)], and suicide risk score [beta coefficient = 7.04 (2.72; 11.36), p = 0.001]. Compared to persons aged <25 years, there were reduced odds for SI for persons aged ≥ 25 years [OR = 0.30 (95% CI: 0.14–0.62)] and ≥ 45 years [OR = 0.32 (95% CI: 0.12–0.89)]. The number of negative life events experienced increased the risk of SI and SB [OR = 2.91 (95% CI: 1.43–5.94)] for 4 or more life events. Higher negative symptoms were associated with more suicidal attempts [OR = 2.02 (95%CI: 1.15–3.54)]. Unemployment was also associated with an increased risk for suicidal attempts [OR = 1.58 (95%CI: 1.08–2.33)] and SI and SB [OR = 1.68 (95% CI: 1.15–2.46)].ConclusionSuicidal ideation and SB are common in persons with psychotic disorders in this African setting and are associated with sociodemographic factors, such as young age and unemployment, and clinical factors, such as family history of suicidality. Interventions targeted at the community (e.g., economic empowerment) or at increasing access to care and treatment for persons with psychotic disorders may reduce the risk of suicide in this vulnerable population group.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Suicidal attempts and ideations in Kenyan adults with psychotic disorders: An observational study of frequency and associated risk factors

Ongeri

Kariuki²,

Nyawira³

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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“…Auditory hallucinations also often include derogatory, threatening, or commanding remarks, by one or more voices, which have been known to direct patients to undertake suicidal or self-injurious behavior. [ 17 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicidal behavior in schizophrenia

Davis

Patil

Aziz

et al. 2021

Industrial Psychiatry Journal

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Suicide/parasuicide is seen at a greater rate in schizophrenia than in the general population, yet the psychological basis of this risk is poorly understood. It is estimated that 10% of patients suffering from schizophrenia attempt suicide. The major risk factors implicated are male gender, chronic illness with multiple relapses, family history of suicide, past suicidal and impulsive behavior, negative attitude toward treatment, and concurrent substance use. Treatment must target the identified risk factors for prevention of suicide in these patients. Here, we discuss three cases with self-inflicted cuts over the anterior aspect of the neck and wrists. They were diagnosed to have paranoid schizophrenia and were treated with antipsychotics, on which they showed improvement.

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