Cytological evaluation of palpebral lesions: An insight into its limitations aided with histopathological corroboration

Abstract

Context: Eyelids by virtue of its unique histomorphology give rise to multitudes of different pathological conditions. Appropriate preoperative cytological diagnoses of these cases are necessary to determine their optimal therapy. Aims: The aims of this study were to evaluate the utility of various cytological techniques in diagnosing the definite pathology for palpebral lesions and thereby to highlight the drawbacks associated with cytology in this context. Materials and Methods: Fine-needle cytology with or without applying the aspiration was the preferable method. Ulcerated lesions were sampled through scrapings. Results: Totally 62 cases were examined. Cytologically, 22 lesions were diagnosed as nonneoplastic, 38 lesions were neoplastic, and nondiagnostic material was obtained twice. Malignant tumors predominated among the neoplastic cases. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was the most common malignancy observed. On histopathological corroboration, benign skin adnexal tumor was found to be the most frequently misinterpreted entity. Two (out of four cases) of those tumors were confirmed as melanocytic nevus and BCC. A single case of squamous cell carcinoma was also cytodiagnostically erred into sebaceous carcinoma. Conclusions: Cytologically palpebral pathologies, including the neoplastic ones, are at times vulnerable to misinterpretation. To avert such dilemma, it is better to readily excise any recurrent lesion, basaloid neoplasm, or any necrohemorrhagic lesion presumptive of overshadowing the neoplastic pathology underneath.