Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Combined With Lactobacillus fermentum TKSN041 Reduces the Photoaging Damage in Murine Skin by Activating AMPK Signaling Pathway

Abstract

Long-term exposure to UVB (280–320 nm) can cause oxidative skin damage, inflammatory injury, and skin cancer. Research on nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with regard to antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and prevention of other age-related diseases has received increasing attention. In the present study, the in vitro antioxidant analysis showed that NMN combined with Lactobacillus fermentum TKSN041 (L. fermentum TKSN041) has a high scavenging ability on hydroxyl (OH), 2, 2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and it also possess a good total antioxidant capacity. The animal experimental results show that NMN combined with LAB maintained normal liver morphology of mice and reduced pathological damage to murine skin. NMN combined with LAB significantly increased the serum levels of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), and interleukin (IL)-10, but reduced the levels of malondialdehyde, advanced glycation end products, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-6. NMN combined with LAB increased T-SOD, CAT, IL-10, Na+-K+-ATPase, and NAD+ levels in the skin, but reduced TNF-α level in the skin. NMN combined with LAB increased the mRNA expression levels of SOD1, CAT, glutathione (GSH), inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB-α), IL-10, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), adaptor protein, phosphotyros ineinteraction, PH domain and leucine zipper containing 1 (APPL1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α), and forkhead transcription factor O (FOXO) in the skin and liver, but decreased the mRNA expression levels of nuclear factor (NF)-κBp65, TNF-α, IL-6, and rapamycin target protein (mTOR). NMN combined with LAB increased the protein expression levels of AMPK, IκB-α, SOD1, and CAT in the skin tissues and reduced protein expression of NF-κBp65. NMN combined with L. fermentum TKSN041 improved murine skin damage caused by UVB irradiation, and the protective mechanism may be related to activation of the AMPK signaling pathway. The results of this study are expected to provide a reference for preventing and the treating skin photoaging.

Mechanistic Basis and Clinical Evidence for the Applications of Nicotinamide (Niacinamide) to Control Skin Aging and Pigmentation

“…In a rat model, oral administration of NMN alone or in combination with Lactobacillus fermentum TKSN041 reduced UV-induced skin oxidative damage and inflammatory response and restored small molecular antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes in blood and skin tissues [ 66 ].…”

β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) Administrated by Intraperitoneal Injection Mediates Protection Against UVB-Induced Skin Damage in Mice

“…20 Our previous study found NMN oral administration could block skin damage induced by UVB exposure in mouse skin. 21 Based on these results, we wondered whether NMN administered via intraperitoneal injection has a similar effect on UVB-induced skin damage, so we carried out the present study.…”

Effect of Secretome-Hypoxia Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Regulating SOD and MMP-1 mRNA Expressions in Skin Hyperpigmentation Rats

“…Exposure to UVB irradiation is a major risk factor for skin photoaging contributed to hyperpigmented diseases and characterized by inflammatory conditions, accumulation of melanin, and decreased of collagen synthesis [6], [24]. UVB irradiation induces DNA damage through the formation of oxidative ROS, which results in activation of several melanin synthesis pathways, inactivation of the collagen synthesis pathway, inflammatory processes, and resulting in the formation of skin cancer [8], [25]. Current therapies do not all provide maximum results, especially in preventing skin hyperpigmentation, some agents cause adverse side effects such as genotoxicity and skin irritation [26], [27].…”

“…In 2015, 4.2% of 142 positive subjects experienced hyperpigmentation after exposure to three times minimal erythema dose UVB [7]. UVB exposure causes 8% incidence of squamous carcinoma known as melanoma skin cancer with high metastatic potential [8]. The incidence of melanoma increased in 2020 with ~100,350 new cases and 6,850 deaths.…”