Variable immunogenicity of a vivax malaria blood-stage vaccine candidate

De, Sai Lata; May, Sam R; Shah, Keshav; Slawinski, Michelle; Changrob, Siriruk; Xu, Shulin; Barnes, Samantha J.; Chootong, Patchanee; Ntumngia, Francis B.; Adams, John H.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.072

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Furthermore, few data exist regarding the sex-dependent efficacy of vaccines against parasitic infections. Few studies deal with malaria [127,128]. Host sex has also been found to impact the efficacy of vaccines against helminth parasite infections.…”

Section: Efficacy Of Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex—the most underappreciated variable in research: insights from helminth-infected hosts

Wesołowska

2022

Vet Res

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The sex of a host affects the intensity, prevalence, and severity of helminth infection. In many cases, one sex has been found to be more susceptible than the other, with the prevalence and intensity of helminth infections being generally higher among male than female hosts; however, many exceptions exist. This observed sex bias in parasitism results primarily from ecological, behavioural, and physiological differences between males and females. Complex interactions between these influences modulate the risk of infection. Indeed, an interplay among sex hormones, sex chromosomes, the microbiome and the immune system significantly contributes to the generation of sex bias among helminth-infected hosts. However, sex hormones not only can modulate the course of infection but also can be exploited by the parasites, and helminths appear to have developed molecules and pathways for this purpose. Furthermore, host sex may influence the efficacy of anti-helminth vaccines; however, although little data exist regarding this sex-dependent efficacy, host sex is known to influence the response to vaccines. Despite its importance, host sex is frequently overlooked in parasitological studies. This review focuses on the key contributors to sex bias in the case of helminth infection. The precise nature of the mechanisms/factors determining these sex-specific differences generally remains largely unknown, and this represents an obstacle in the development of control methods. There is an urgent need to identify any protective elements that could be targeted in future therapies to provide optimal disease management with regard to host sex. Hence, more research is needed into the impact of host sex on immunity and protection.

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Section: Efficacy Of Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex—the most underappreciated variable in research: insights from helminth-infected hosts

Wesołowska

2022

Vet Res

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“…In malarial infection, levels of CD80 and CCL18 are elevated in both the acute and recovery phases. CD80 is expressed on memory B cells essential for maintaining long-term humoral immunity to infectious organisms, including Plasmodium [ 45 , 46 ]. Host responses against Plasmodium involve humoral and cell-mediated immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteome Analysis for Inflammation Related to Acute and Convalescent Infection

Sigdel,

Sur,

Boada

et al. 2023

Inflammation

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Infectious diseases are a significant burden in global healthcare. Pathogens engage with different host defense mechanisms. However, it is currently unknown if there are disease-specific immune signatures and/or if different pathogens elicit common immune-associated molecular entities to common therapeutic interventions. We studied patients enrolled through the Human Immunology Project Consortium (HIPC), which focuses on immune responses to various infections. Blood samples were collected and analyzed from patients during infection and follow-up time points at the convalescent stage. The study included samples from patients with Lyme disease (LD), tuberculosis (TB), malaria (MLA), dengue virus (DENV), and West Nile virus (WNV), as well as kidney transplant patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) and polyomavirus (BKV) infections. Using an antibody-based assay, we quantified ~ 350 cell surface markers, cytokines, and chemokines involved in inflammation and immunity. Unique protein signatures were identified specific to the acute phase of infection irrespective of the pathogen type, with significant changes during convalescence. In addition, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (TNR6), C–C Motif Chemokine Receptor 7 (CCR7), and C–C motif chemokine ligand-1 (CCL1) were increased in the acute and convalescent phases across all viral, bacterial, and protozoan compared to blood from healthy donors. Furthermore, despite the differences between pathogens, proteins were enriched in common biological pathways such as cell surface receptor signaling pathway and response to external stimulus. In conclusion, we demonstrated that irrespective of the pathogen type, there are common immunoregulatory and proinflammatory signals.

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