apparently deterministic expressions of results (classifications, labels, thresholds, etc.). It is not that we cannot know, but that our predictions have only a certain probability of being correct -not very comforting when the safety of sometimes millions of patients and consumers is at stake.The 2017 book The Illusion of Risk Control -What Does it Take to Live with Uncertainty? edited by Gilles Motet and Corinne Bieder, makes the important point of acknowledging that there is always a risk and that we can only assess and manage its probability. Consequently, safety is defined by the absence of unacceptable risk, not as the absence of all risk. Giving up on