Using a ring to locate femoral head centre in total hip arthroplasty

Abstract

Aims: Traditional methods of determining femoral head centre (FHC) during total hip arthroplasty (THA) rely on measuring the distance from a fixed point on the femur or using a calliper. The aim of this experiment was to investigate how accurately a simple circular ring could locate FHC. Methods: 144 consecutively available femoral heads (FHs) were collected from patients undergoing THA. Each FH was orientated and mounted on a Sawbone, to create a model of its position on a proximal femur. The ring was applied to the posterior aspect of the FH and a head-centre pin (HCP) was then drilled into the FH and the ring removed, leaving the HCP in place. Each FH was then photographed normal to the axis of the HCP. A MATLAB analysis program then assessed the accuracy of the ring in locating FHC. Results: Mean location accuracy for FHC was 1.77 (range 0.07–5.83) mm with 97.2% within 4 mm and all but 1 within 5 mm. Conclusions: This ring device located FHC to within 4 mm in 97% of a series of osteoarthritic FHs. This indicates that the posterior aspect of the FH maintains its sphericity late into the osteoarthritic process. Having a simple FHC location device during THA would be of value to control leg length and offset when using the posterior approach.