Demonstration of the trapped-ion quantum CCD computer architecture

Pino, Juan; Dreiling, Joan; Figgatt, Caroline; Gaebler, John; Moses, Steven; Allman, Michael S.; Baldwin, Charles; Foss‐Feig, Michael; Hayes, David; Mayer, Karl; Ryan-Anderson, Ciarán; Neyenhuis, Brian

doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03318-4

Cited by 417 publications

(293 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…However, these results cannot be extrapolated to exponential error suppression in large systems unless non-idealities such as crosstalk are well understood. Moreover, exponential error suppression has not previously been demonstrated with cyclic stabilizer measurements, which are a key requirement for fault-tolerant computing but introduce error mechanisms such as state leakage, heating and data qubit decoherence during measurement 21 , 29 .…”

Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exponential suppression of bit or phase errors with cyclic error correction

Chen¹,

Satzinger²,

Atalaya³

et al. 2021

Nature

253

125

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Realizing the potential of quantum computing requires sufficiently low logical error rates1. Many applications call for error rates as low as 10−15 (refs. 2–9), but state-of-the-art quantum platforms typically have physical error rates near 10−3 (refs. 10–14). Quantum error correction15–17 promises to bridge this divide by distributing quantum logical information across many physical qubits in such a way that errors can be detected and corrected. Errors on the encoded logical qubit state can be exponentially suppressed as the number of physical qubits grows, provided that the physical error rates are below a certain threshold and stable over the course of a computation. Here we implement one-dimensional repetition codes embedded in a two-dimensional grid of superconducting qubits that demonstrate exponential suppression of bit-flip or phase-flip errors, reducing logical error per round more than 100-fold when increasing the number of qubits from 5 to 21. Crucially, this error suppression is stable over 50 rounds of error correction. We also introduce a method for analysing error correlations with high precision, allowing us to characterize error locality while performing quantum error correction. Finally, we perform error detection with a small logical qubit using the 2D surface code on the same device18,19 and show that the results from both one- and two-dimensional codes agree with numerical simulations that use a simple depolarizing error model. These experimental demonstrations provide a foundation for building a scalable fault-tolerant quantum computer with superconducting qubits.

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Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exponential suppression of bit or phase errors with cyclic error correction

Chen¹,

Satzinger²,

Atalaya³

et al. 2021

Nature

253

125

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show abstract

“…After applying the desired sequence of operations, the ions can be split and shuttled back to the storage zones. There they remain as spectators of the operations on other active ions in the manipulation zones [8,10,[41][42][43][44][45]. Our study is motivated by new experimental capabilities that have recently emerged in the single-string trapped-ion modules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosstalk Suppression for Fault-tolerant Quantum Error Correction with Trapped Ions

Parrado-Rodríguez

Ryan-Anderson

Bermúdez

et al. 2021

Quantum

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Physical qubits in experimental quantum information processors are inevitably exposed to different sources of noise and imperfections, which lead to errors that typically accumulate hindering our ability to perform long computations reliably. Progress towards scalable and robust quantum computation relies on exploiting quantum error correction (QEC) to actively battle these undesired effects. In this work, we present a comprehensive study of crosstalk errors in a quantum-computing architecture based on a single string of ions confined by a radio-frequency trap, and manipulated by individually-addressed laser beams. This type of errors affects spectator qubits that, ideally, should remain unaltered during the application of single- and two-qubit quantum gates addressed at a different set of active qubits. We microscopically model crosstalk errors from first principles and present a detailed study showing the importance of using a coherent vs incoherent error modelling and, moreover, discuss strategies to actively suppress this crosstalk at the gate level. Finally, we study the impact of residual crosstalk errors on the performance of fault-tolerant QEC numerically, identifying the experimental target values that need to be achieved in near-term trapped-ion experiments to reach the break-even point for beneficial QEC with low-distance topological codes.

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“…Two suitable candidates to implement spin‐network models [ 33–37,40,52 ] are a) nuclear magnetic resonance in molecules, [ 51 ] and b) trapped ions. [ 75 ] c) State‐of‐the‐art ultracold atomic setups in optical lattices with bosonic and fermionic species are well‐suited for Bose–Hubbard and Fermi–Hubbard discrete models, [ 46,48–50,62 ] respectively. Additionally, other physical implementations are possible, for example, in arrays of quantum dots in semiconductor devices, and in d) coupled superconducting qubits.…”

Section: Quantum Resources For Unconventional Computingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities in Quantum Reservoir Computing and Extreme Learning Machines

et al. 2021

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Quantum reservoir computing and quantum extreme learning machines are two emerging approaches that have demonstrated their potential both in classical and quantum machine learning tasks. They exploit the quantumness of physical systems combined with an easy training strategy, achieving an excellent performance. The increasing interest in these unconventional computing approaches is fueled by the availability of diverse quantum platforms suitable for implementation and the theoretical progresses in the study of complex quantum systems. In this review article, recent proposals and first experiments displaying a broad range of possibilities are reviewed when quantum inputs, quantum physical substrates and quantum tasks are considered. The main focus is the performance of these approaches, on the advantages with respect to classical counterparts and opportunities.

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Demonstration of the trapped-ion quantum CCD computer architecture

Cited by 417 publications

References 44 publications

Exponential suppression of bit or phase errors with cyclic error correction

Exponential suppression of bit or phase errors with cyclic error correction

Crosstalk Suppression for Fault-tolerant Quantum Error Correction with Trapped Ions

Opportunities in Quantum Reservoir Computing and Extreme Learning Machines

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