“…Our proposal for the gradual, staged legalization and careful regulation of all drugs currently deemed to be illicit is primarily motivated by concerns for increased harm reduction, that is, to curtail the harms associated with illegal markets, end the stigmatization of drug use and drug users, and increase the benefits of responsible drug use and treatment options for substance use disorders. A number of commentators, however, argue that we have not taken seriously the potential public health risks associated with legal regulation of the production, storage, handling, distribution, sale, and supply of drugs currently deemed to be illicit (Caulkins and Reuter 2021;Hall and Carter 2021;Rieder 2021). In our article, we acknowledge that whether, and to what extent, a possible regulatory regime will lead to a reduction in relevant harms in practice will, ultimately, depend on the types of enforcement strategies that policymakers adopt to ensure compliance and the rigor with which these strategies are carried out.…”