Is there a place for bronchiolitis in the COVID‐19 era? Lack of hospitalizations due to common respiratory viruses during the 2020 winter

Ferrero, Fernando; Ossorio, María Fabiana

doi:10.1002/ppul.25391

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“… 11 , 15 Nonetheless, even with many restrictions lifted, RSV activity remains low in many countries. 16 , 17 What causes these differences remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the Timing and Intensity of Reemergence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Following the COVID-19 Pandemic in the US

Zheng¹,

Pitzer²,

Shapiro

et al. 2021

JAMA Netw Open

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IMPORTANCERespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of hospitalizations in young children. RSV largely disappeared in 2020 owing to precautions taken because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Estimating the timing and intensity of the reemergence of RSV and the age groups affected is crucial for planning for the administration of prophylactic antibodies and anticipating hospital capacity. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of different factors, including mitigation strategies, duration of maternal-derived immunity, and importation of external infections, with the dynamics of reemergent RSV epidemics. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This simulation modeling study used mathematical models to reproduce the annual epidemics of RSV before the COVID-19 pandemic in New York and California.These models were modified to project the trajectory of RSV epidemics from 2020 to 2025 under different scenarios with varying stringency of mitigation measures for SARS-CoV-2. Simulations also evaluated factors likely to affect the reemergence of RSV epidemics, including introduction of the virus from out-of-state sources and decreased transplacentally acquired immunity in infants. Models using parameters fitted to similar inpatient data sets from Colorado and Florida were used to illustrate these associations in populations with biennial RSV epidemics and year-round RSV circulation, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed from February to October 2021. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe primary outcome of this study was defined as the estimated number of RSV hospitalizations each month in the entire population. Secondary outcomes included the age distribution of hospitalizations among children less than 5 years of age, incidence of any RSV infection, and incidence of RSV lower respiratory tract infection. RESULTS Among a simulated population of 19.45 million people, virus introduction from external sources was associated with the emergence of the spring and summer epidemic in 2021. There was a tradeoff between the intensity of the spring and summer epidemic in 2021 and the intensity of the epidemic in the subsequent winter. Among children 1 year of age, the estimated incidence of RSV hospitalizations was 707 per 100 000 children per year in the 2021 and 2022 RSV season, compared with 355 per 100 000 children per year in a typical RSV season. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEThis simulation modeling study found that virus introduction from external sources was associated with the spring and summer epidemics in 2021. These findings suggest that pediatric departments should be alert to large RSV outbreaks in the coming seasons, the intensity of which could depend on the size of the spring and summer epidemic in that location.Enhanced surveillance is recommended for both prophylaxis administration and hospital capacity management.

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“… 11 , 15 Nonetheless, even with many restrictions lifted, RSV activity remains low in many countries. 16 , 17 What causes these differences remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the Timing and Intensity of Reemergence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Following the COVID-19 Pandemic in the US

Zheng¹,

Pitzer²,

Shapiro

et al. 2021

JAMA Netw Open

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, we did not find RSV in 2018 and 2020. Possible explanations for this phenomenon are that enrollment began in spring 2018 after the RSV season and the 2020 lockdown due to coronavirus disease 2019 affected RSV circulation worldwide [ 26 , 27 ]. In children aged 12–59 months, lung infections accounted for 64.7% of CoD attributions, where bacterial pneumonia was the most frequent and severe pathogen present (72.7%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering Causes of Childhood Death Using the Minimally Invasive Autopsy at the Community Level in an Urban Vulnerable Setting of Argentina: A Population-Based Study

Caballero

Grigaites

Niveyro

et al. 2021

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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Background Precise determination of the causal chain that leads to community deaths in children in low- and middle-income countries is critical to estimating all causes of mortality accurately and to planning preemptive strategies for targeted allocation of resources to reduce this scourge. Methods An active surveillance population-based study that combined minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) and verbal autopsies (VA) among children under 5 was conducted in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from September 2018 to December 2020 to define the burden of all causes of community deaths. Results Among 90 cases enrolled (86% of parental acceptance), 81 had complete MITS, 15.6% were neonates, 65.6% were post-neonatal infants, and 18.9% were children aged 1–5 years. Lung infections were the most common cause of death (CoD) in all age groups (57.8%). Among all cases of lung infections, acute bronchiolitis was the most common CoD in infants aged <12 months (23 of 36, 63.9%), and bacterial pneumonia was the most common cause in children aged >12 months (8 of 11, 72.7%). The most common comorbid condition in all age groups was undernutrition in 18 of 90 (20%). It was possible to find an immediate CoD in 78 of 81 subjects where MITS could be done. With this combined approach, we were able to determine that sudden infant death syndrome was overestimated in state reports. Conclusions CoD determination by a combination of MITS and VA provides an accurate estimation of the chain of events that leads to death, emphasizing possible interventions to prevent mortality in children.

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“…17 Durante el año pandémico, la tasa de hospitalización por IRAB en nuestro hospital sufrió una reducción significativa en comparación con la temporada previa, incluido el menor número de hospitalizaciones registrados por todas las causas, situación que se repitió en distintas regiones del mundo. [18][19][20] Los casos de IRAB registrados en el marco de la vigilancia epidemiológica muestran que, antes de la pandemia, el VSR era el agente más frecuente, con una incidencia mayor en los menores de 1 año. Estos resultados son similares a otros estudios epidemiológicos realizados en la región.…”

Section: Semanas Epidemiológicasunclassified

Impacto del COVID-19 en la circulación de virus respiratorios en un hospital pediátrico: una ausencia esperada

2022

Arch Argent Pediat

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Is there a place for bronchiolitis in the COVID‐19 era? Lack of hospitalizations due to common respiratory viruses during the 2020 winter

Cited by 15 publications

References 3 publications

Estimation of the Timing and Intensity of Reemergence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Following the COVID-19 Pandemic in the US

Estimation of the Timing and Intensity of Reemergence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Following the COVID-19 Pandemic in the US

Uncovering Causes of Childhood Death Using the Minimally Invasive Autopsy at the Community Level in an Urban Vulnerable Setting of Argentina: A Population-Based Study

Impacto del COVID-19 en la circulación de virus respiratorios en un hospital pediátrico: una ausencia esperada

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