Dietary calcium, vitamin D, and breast cancer risk in women: findings from the SUN cohort

Fernández-Lázaro, César I; Romanos-Nanclares, Andrea; Sánchez-Bayona, Rodrigo; Gea, Alfredo; Sayón-Orea, Carmen; Martínez‐González, Miguel Ángel; Toledo, Estefanía

doi:10.1007/s00394-021-02549-5

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…They concluded that, ultimately, no association was established between CaD intake and the risk of ER-BC and TNBC subtypes, although they did find an association with vitamin D intake individually. Conversely, Fernández-Lázaro et al [ 115 ] observed that calcium intake might be related to a lower risk of BC, except in premenopausal women, while for vitamin D intake, no association with a reduced risk of BC was found. Breast density is considered one of the most important risk factors for BC [ 16 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Impact of Vitamin D and Its Dietary Supplementation in Breast Cancer Prevention: An Integrative Review

Torres,

Cameselle,

Otero

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Vitamin D deficiency is currently a significant public health issue closely linked to numerous diseases, such as breast cancer. This study aims to determine the estimated optimal serum levels of vitamin D to have a protective effect against breast cancer, in addition to exploring the biological mechanisms and risk factors involved. A literature search of articles published in the last 5 years was conducted, and simple statistical analyses using mean and standard deviation were performed to calculate the average concentration of vitamin D from different available studies. It has been observed that serum levels of vitamin D ≥ 40.26 ng/mL ± 14.19 ng/mL could exert a protective effect against breast cancer. Additionally, various biological mechanisms, such as those related to the immune system, and risk factors like diet implicated in this relationship were elucidated. Consequently, it can be concluded that proper serum levels of vitamin D may have a protective effect against breast cancer, and dietary supplementation may be an appropriate procedure to achieve these optimal vitamin D concentrations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Impact of Vitamin D and Its Dietary Supplementation in Breast Cancer Prevention: An Integrative Review

Torres,

Cameselle,

Otero

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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“…Compared with early meta-analyses that included trials with mixed interventions of vitamin D supplementation combined with calcium supplementation [ 16 , 19 , 47 ], we did not include these trials in the present study because evidence showed calcium supplementation was associated with other unfavorable effects, including mortality [ 22 ], cardiovascular (e.g., myocardial infarction) [ 23 , 24 , 25 ], and breast cancer risk [ 26 ]. In addition, we did not include RCTs with a follow-up time of less than one year as 25(OH)D levels need 3 to 6 months to attain homeostasis after vitamin D supplementation and cancer mortality of less than one year is mostly due to undiagnosed metastasis of cancer at the start of study [ 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies were excluded if they were (1) case reports, case series, and observational studies, (2) trials of hydroxylated vitamin D or vitamin D analogs, (3) trials where all participants received vitamin D, (4) trials where all participants have cancer, (5) trials of pregnant or lactating women, (6) trials of critically ill patients, (7) trials with the total number of an outcome less than ten because of the small effect size and/or short follow-up time [ 16 ], (8) trials with vitamin D supplementation combined with calcium supplementation versus placebo alone because evidence showed calcium supplementation was associated with other unfavorable effects, including mortality [ 22 ], cardiovascular (e.g., myocardial infarction) [ 23 , 24 , 25 ], and breast cancer risk [ 26 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Vitamin D Supplementation and Cancer Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Zhang

Liu

Pei

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Background: Vitamin D deficiency is related to increased cancer risk and deaths. However, whether vitamin D supplementation reduces cancer mortality remains unclear, and several randomized controlled trials yield inconsistent results. Methods: Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from their inception until 28 June 2022, for randomized controlled trials investigating vitamin D supplementation. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Trials with vitamin D supplementation combined with calcium supplementation versus placebo alone and recruiting participants with cancer at baseline were excluded in the present study. Results: This study included 12 trials with a total of 72,669 participants. Vitamin D supplementation did not reduce overall cancer mortality (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.80–1.16). However, vitamin D supplementation was associated with a reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.45–0.90). Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation could not reduce cancer mortality in this highly purified meta-analysis. Further RCTs that evaluate the association between vitamin D supplementation and total cancer mortality are still needed.

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“…As for breast cancer risk, while some observational studies have reported an inverse association between vitamin D intake and breast cancer, others have reported null associations, leading to inconclusive evidence concerning vitamin D intake [42,43]. Previously in our cohort, we specifically analyzed the association between dietary calcium, vitamin D, and breast cancer risk [44]. We found a non-linear association between total calcium intake and breast cancer, with risk reductions associated with higher intake up to approximately 1400 mg/day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and Risk of Obesity-Related Cancers: Results from the SUN (‘Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra’) Project

et al. 2022

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Obesity is associated with a higher risk of several types of cancer, grouped as obesity-related cancers (ORC). Vitamin D deficiency is more prevalent in obese subjects, and it has been suggested to play a role in the association between obesity and cancer risk. The aim of the study was to analyze the association between vitamin D intake and the subsequent risk of ORC in a prospective Spanish cohort of university graduates. The SUN Project, initiated in 1999, is a prospective dynamic multipurpose cohort. Participants answered a 556-item lifestyle baseline questionnaire that included a validated food-frequency questionnaire. We performed Cox regression models to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of ORC according to quartiles of energy-adjusted vitamin D intake (diet and supplements). We included 18,017 participants (mean age = 38 years, SD = 12 years), with a median follow-up of 12 years. Among 206,783 person-years of follow-up, we identified 225 cases of ORC. We found no significant associations between vitamin D intake and ORC risk after adjusting for potential confounders: HRQ2vsQ1 = 1.19 (95% CI 0.81–1.75), HRQ3vsQ1 = 1.20 (95% CI 0.81–1.78), and HRQ4vsQ1 = 1.02 (95% CI 0.69–1.51). Dietary and supplemented vitamin D do not seem to be associated with ORC prevention in the middle-aged Spanish population.

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Dietary calcium, vitamin D, and breast cancer risk in women: findings from the SUN cohort

Cited by 6 publications

References 54 publications

The Impact of Vitamin D and Its Dietary Supplementation in Breast Cancer Prevention: An Integrative Review

The Impact of Vitamin D and Its Dietary Supplementation in Breast Cancer Prevention: An Integrative Review

Association between Vitamin D Supplementation and Cancer Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Vitamin D and Risk of Obesity-Related Cancers: Results from the SUN (‘Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra’) Project

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