Editorial: Advanced Neuroimaging of Brain Metastases

Vachha, Behroze; Huang, Susie Y.; Massoud, Tarik F.

doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.668310

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…To identify the human brain as a complex dynamic system, the notion of ‘connectome’ has been proposed by Sporns et al 4 . Since then, several investigations 5 have employed neuro-imaging methods as well as cutting-edge graphical approaches to explore the human brain in both healthy and diseased subjects, discovering characteristic properties in different regions of the brain 3 , 6 – 9 , presenting evidence of the functional nature of clustering in both human 10 , 11 and animal brains 12 , thus realizing a “comprehensive network maps of neuronal circuits and systems” 13 . The practical availability of these methods to researchers in network neuroscience 14 , starting from data on how brain regions are connected and adopting the theoretical framework of network science, allows the mathematical description of the brain architecture and functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling brain dynamics by Boolean networks

Bertacchini

Scuro

Pantano

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Understanding the relationship between brain architecture and brain function is a central issue in neuroscience. We modeled realistic spatio-temporal patterns of brain activity on a human connectome with a Boolean networks model with the aim of computationally replicating certain cognitive functions as they emerge from the standardization of many fMRI studies, identified as patterns of human brain activity. Results from the analysis of simulation data, carried out for different parameters and initial conditions identified many possible paths in the space of parameters of these network models, with normal (ordered asymptotically constant patterns), chaotic (oscillating or disordered) but also highly organized configurations, with countless spatial–temporal patterns. We interpreted these results as routes to chaos, permanence of the systems in regimes of complexity, and ordered stationary behavior, associating these dynamics to cognitive processes. The most important result of this work is the study of emergent neural circuits, i.e., configurations of areas that synchronize over time, both locally and globally, determining the emergence of computational analogues of cognitive processes, which may or may not be similar to the functioning of biological brain. Furthermore, results put in evidence the creation of how the brain creates structures of remote communication. These structures have hierarchical organization, where each level allows for the emergence of brain organizations which behave at the next superior level. Taken together these results allow the interplay of dynamical and topological roots of the multifaceted brain dynamics to be understood.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling brain dynamics by Boolean networks

Bertacchini

Scuro

Pantano

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Imaging biomarkers for clinical applications in neuro-oncology: current status and future perspectives

Chiu

Yen

2023

Biomark Res

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Biomarker discovery and development are popular for detecting the subtle diseases. However, biomarkers are needed to be validated and approved, and even fewer are ever used clinically. Imaging biomarkers have a crucial role in the treatment of cancer patients because they provide objective information on tumor biology, the tumor's habitat, and the tumor’s signature in the environment. Tumor changes in response to an intervention complement molecular and genomic translational diagnosis as well as quantitative information. Neuro-oncology has become more prominent in diagnostics and targeted therapies. The classification of tumors has been actively updated, and drug discovery, and delivery in nanoimmunotherapies are advancing in the field of target therapy research. It is important that biomarkers and diagnostic implements be developed and used to assess the prognosis or late effects of long-term survivors. An improved realization of cancer biology has transformed its management with an increasing emphasis on a personalized approach in precision medicine. In the first part, we discuss the biomarker categories in relation to the courses of a disease and specific clinical contexts, including that patients and specimens should both directly reflect the target population and intended use. In the second part, we present the CT perfusion approach that provides quantitative and qualitative data that has been successfully applied to the clinical diagnosis, treatment and application. Furthermore, the novel and promising multiparametric MR imageing approach will provide deeper insights regarding the tumor microenvironment in the immune response. Additionally, we briefly remark new tactics based on MRI and PET for converging on imaging biomarkers combined with applications of bioinformatics in artificial intelligence. In the third part, we briefly address new approaches based on theranostics in precision medicine. These sophisticated techniques merge achievable standardizations into an applicatory apparatus for primarily a diagnostic implementation and tracking radioactive drugs to identify and to deliver therapies in an individualized medicine paradigm. In this article, we describe the critical principles for imaging biomarker characterization and discuss the current status of CT, MRI and PET in finiding imaging biomarkers of early disease.

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Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Central Nervous System Neoplasms in Adults: CNS Metastases

Bhattacharya,

Mahajan,

Mynalli

2024

Cancers

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Brain metastases (BMs) are the most common central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms, with an increasing incidence that is due in part to an overall increase in primary cancers, improved neuroimaging modalities leading to increased detection, better systemic therapies, and longer patient survival. Objective: To identify cancer patients at a higher risk of developing CNS metastases and to evaluate associated prognostic factors. Methods: Review of imaging referral guidelines, response criteria, interval imaging assessment, modality of choice, as well as the association of clinical, serological, and imaging findings as per various cancer societies. Results: Quantitative response assessment of target and non-target brain metastases as well as an interval imaging protocol set up based on primary histological diagnosis and therapy status are discussed as per various cancer societies and imaging programs. Conclusion: Predictive factors in the primary tumor as well as independent variables of brain metastases like size, number, and response to therapy are necessary in management. The location of CNS metastases, symptomatic disease, as well as follow up imaging findings form a skeletal plan to prognosticate the disease, keeping in mind all the available new advanced therapy options of surgery, radiation, and immunotherapy that improve patient outcome significantly.

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Editorial: Advanced Neuroimaging of Brain Metastases

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Modelling brain dynamics by Boolean networks

Modelling brain dynamics by Boolean networks

Imaging biomarkers for clinical applications in neuro-oncology: current status and future perspectives

Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Central Nervous System Neoplasms in Adults: CNS Metastases

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