“…In the field of dentistry, research has been conducted about the detection and classification of anatomical variables [ 9 , 10 ], periapical lesions [ 11 , 12 ], dental caries [ 13 , 14 , 15 ], periodontitis [ 16 ], and benign tumors and cysts [ 17 ]. Deep learning analysis has also been applied to cephalometric images, such as detection of landmarks [ 18 ], prediction of the necessity for orthognathic surgery [ 19 ], and detection of cranio-spinal differences [ 20 ]. In relation to extraction of the mandibular third molar, attempts have been made to segment the teeth and the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) [ 21 , 22 ], and, recently, a study to determine the difficulty of extraction was also conducted [ 23 ].…”