Oncolytic Adenoviruses for Cancer Therapy

Tripodi, Lorella; Vitale, Maria; Cerullo, Vincenzo; Pastore, Lucio

doi:10.3390/ijms22052517

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 94 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Another vaccination method is based on non-replicating adenoviral vectors. Adenoviruses (Ads) are an ideal vector candidate for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines due to their capacity to infect target cells and express transgene at a high level [69]. Furthermore, the Ads-mediated infection can induce the upregulation of costimulatory molecules that stimulate the cytokine and chemokine responses with a consequent improvement of the immune response [70].…”

Section: A Race For a Covid19 Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2: One Year in the Pandemic. What Have We Learned, the New Vaccine Era and the Threat of SARS-CoV-2 Variants

et al. 2021

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Since the beginning of 2020, the new pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 and named coronavirus disease 19 (COVID 19) has changed our socio-economic life. In just a few months, SARS-CoV-2 was able to spread worldwide at an unprecedented speed, causing hundreds of thousands of deaths, especially among the weakest part of the population. Indeed, especially at the beginning of this pandemic, many reports highlighted how people, suffering from other pathologies, such as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes, are more at risk of severe outcomes if infected. Although this pandemic has put the entire academic world to the test, it has also been a year of intense research and many important contributions have advanced our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 origin, its molecular structure and its mechanism of infection. Unfortunately, despite this great effort, we are still a long way from fully understanding how SARS-CoV-2 dysregulates organismal physiology and whether the current vaccines will be able to protect us from possible future pandemics. Here, we discuss the knowledge we have gained during this year and which questions future research should address.

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Section: A Race For a Covid19 Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2: One Year in the Pandemic. What Have We Learned, the New Vaccine Era and the Threat of SARS-CoV-2 Variants

et al. 2021

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“…Each of these exemplar fields of nanoparticle studies, which are reviewed in greater depth below, have characteristic differences that can be exploited and utilized for novel oncotherapeutic generation. [21], (B) liposomes [22], and (C) exosomes [23]; oncolytic viruses: (D) adenovirus [24], (E) herpes virus [25], and (F) vaccinia virus [26]; (G) oncolytic bacteria: G. Salmonella [27], (H) vegetative Clostridium [28], and (I) Clostridium spore [28].…”

Section: Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oncolytic viral therapy utilizes genetically modified viruses capable of selective replication in tumor cells to mediate oncotherapy (Figure 1D-F) [24,25,70,[73][74][75]. Unfortunately, early studies used unattenuated viruses with potent toxicities, almost ubiquitously resulting in severe-often fatal-adverse events [76], which not only halted on-going studies, but have had lasting impacts-stunting the development and translation of this technology [77].…”

Section: Oncolytic Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Representative oncotherapeutic modality details, size comparison, and structural characteristics. Nanoparticles: (A) polymersomes[21], (B) liposomes[22], and (C) exosomes[23]; oncolytic viruses: (D) adenovirus[24], (E) herpes virus[25], and (F) vaccinia virus[26]; (G) oncolytic bacteria: G. Salmonella[27], (H) vegetative Clostridium[28], and (I) Clostridium spore[28].…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Evolution and Future of Targeted Cancer Therapy: From Nanoparticles, Oncolytic Viruses, and Oncolytic Bacteria to the Treatment of Solid Tumors

et al. 2021

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While many classes of chemotherapeutic agents exist to treat solid tumors, few can generate a lasting response without substantial off-target toxicity despite significant scientific advancements and investments. In this review, the paths of development for nanoparticles, oncolytic viruses, and oncolytic bacteria over the last 20 years of research towards clinical translation and acceptance as novel cancer therapeutics are compared. Novel nanoparticle, oncolytic virus, and oncolytic bacteria therapies all start with a common goal of accomplishing therapeutic drug activity or delivery to a specific site while avoiding off-target effects, with overlapping methodology between all three modalities. Indeed, the degree of overlap is substantial enough that breakthroughs in one therapeutic could have considerable implications on the progression of the other two. Each oncotherapeutic modality has accomplished clinical translation, successfully overcoming the potential pitfalls promising therapeutics face. However, once studies enter clinical trials, the data all but disappears, leaving pre-clinical researchers largely in the dark. Overall, the creativity, flexibility, and innovation of these modalities for solid tumor treatments are greatly encouraging, and usher in a new age of pharmaceutical development.

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“…The clear importance of NK cells in controlling both anti-viral and anti-cancer responses indicated that modulation of NK cell activities has the potential to promote the OV efficacy. OVs have been developed from a range of different virus families [ 4 ], including herpesvirus [ 46 ], reovirus [ 47 ], polio virus [ 48 ], parvovirus [ 49 ], vaccinia [ 50 ] and adenovirus [ 51 ]. These viruses have vastly different structures, lifecycles, tropisms and toxicities, and induce variable immune responses that could influence the efficacy in different settings [ 52 , 53 ].…”

Section: Natural Killer (Nk) Cell Responses In the Context Of Ovmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to Optimise Oncolytic Viral Therapies: The Role of Natural Killer Cells

Leung

McNeish

2021

Viruses

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Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are an emerging class of anti-cancer agents that replicate selectively within malignant cells and generate potent immune responses. Their potential efficacy has been shown in clinical trials, with talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC or IMLYGIC®) now approved both in the United States and Europe. In healthy individuals, NK cells provide effective surveillance against cancer and viral infections. In oncolytic viral therapy, NK cells may render OV ineffective by rapid elimination of the propagating virus but could also improve therapeutic efficacy by preferential killing of OV-infected malignant cells. Existing evidence suggests that the overall effect of NK cells against OV is context dependent. In the past decade, the understanding of cancer and OV biology has improved significantly, which helped refine this class of treatments in early-phase clinical trials. In this review, we summarised different strategies that have been evaluated to modulate NK activities for improving OV therapeutic benefits. Further development of OVs will require a systematic approach to overcome the challenges of the production and delivery of complex gene and cell-based therapies in clinical settings.

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Oncolytic Adenoviruses for Cancer Therapy

Cited by 19 publications

References 94 publications

SARS-CoV-2: One Year in the Pandemic. What Have We Learned, the New Vaccine Era and the Threat of SARS-CoV-2 Variants

SARS-CoV-2: One Year in the Pandemic. What Have We Learned, the New Vaccine Era and the Threat of SARS-CoV-2 Variants

The Evolution and Future of Targeted Cancer Therapy: From Nanoparticles, Oncolytic Viruses, and Oncolytic Bacteria to the Treatment of Solid Tumors

Strategies to Optimise Oncolytic Viral Therapies: The Role of Natural Killer Cells

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