Relationship between Thyroid Status during the First Trimester of Pregnancy and Neonatal Well-Being

Abstract

Iodine is an essential micronutrient for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. The proper functioning of the thyroid axis is essential for the normal development of the nervous system, especially in the first trimester of gestation. The aim of the present study was to analyze the perinatal outcomes, anthropometry, and APGAR test scores of newborns and to relate them to maternal thyroid status. A total of 190 newborns participated in the study. No correlation was found between thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and maternal ioduria values in the first trimester of gestation with the weight or length of the newborn, or the APGAR score at one minute after birth. However, we found significant differences between the APGAR scores of children whose mothers had an iodine sufficiency level in the first trimester compared to the children of mothers with iodine deficiency. Similarly, the APGAR scores of children whose mothers had a TSH > 4 have significantly better APGAR scores than the children of mothers with a TSH < 4. Likewise, we found significant differences between the measurements of the newborns depending on whether their mothers smoked. The children of mothers who took iodine supplements or iodized salt obtained the highest APGAR score at one and five minutes after birth. It is essential to focus on recommending adequate consumption of iodine supplements and iodized salt prior to gestation and at least during the first trimester to achieve better fetal well-being.

Associations of Maternal Serum Iodine Concentration with Obstetric Complications and Birth Outcomes—Longitudinal Analysis Based on the Huizhou Mother–Infant Cohort, South China

“…This might be due to the fact that the participants in our analysis were mostly euthyroid, while mothers with thyroid dysfunction appeared to be more likely to develop GDM [20]. Our analysis observed positive associations of SIC during both early and mid-pregnancy with Apgar scores at 1 min, which was in line with previous reports that iodine supplementation or sufficient iodine status during pregnancy were associated with increased neonatal Apgar scores [21].…”

Relationship between Serum TSH Level and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome in Advanced Maternal Age

“…An abnormal TSH level can increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Nevertheless, clinical attention should be paid to actively control TSH levels during pregnancy so as to avoid adverse pregnancy outcomes [12,13].…”

Primary Congenital Hypothyroidism in Children Below 3 Years Old - Etiology and Treatment With Overtreatment and Undertreatment Risks, a 5-Year Single Centre Experience

“…The genetic background was not examined in our study. The risk factors for neonatal CH, transient, or permanent vary between countries and include gender, premature birth, worse newborn health status, and children born as small for gestational age (SGA) (23)(24)(25)(26). In our cohort mean fT4 level at the start of treatment was lower in girls, but despite it, no significant difference was observed in the initial L-T4 dose.…”