The Boundary of Lithium Plating in Graphite Electrode for Safe Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Cai, Wenlong; Yan, Chong; Yao, Yuxing; Xu, Lei; Chen, Xiaoru; Huang, Jia‐Qi; Zhang, Qiang

doi:10.1002/anie.202102593

Cited by 154 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…S31). This advantage is superior to graphite anode, which suffers from severe Li plating when lithiation capacity exceeds 25% ( 58 ). After overcharge, the Li 2 S||SPE||Si cells can keep cycling normally to deliver high capacities more than 570 to 620 mAh g −1 with more than 97% CE (fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Li ₂ S-based all-solid-state battery with high energy and superior safety

et al. 2022

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Safety risks stem from applying extremely reactive alkali metal anodes and/or oxygen-releasing cathodes in flammable liquid electrolytes restrict the practical use of state-of-the-art high-energy batteries. Here, we propose a intrinsically safe solid-state cell chemistry to satisfy both high energy and cell reliability. An all-solid-state rechargeable battery is designed by energetic yet stable multielectron redox reaction between Li 2 S cathode and Si anode in robust solid-state polymer electrolyte with fast ionic transport. Such cells can deliver high specific energy of 500 to 800 Wh kg −1 for 500 cycles with fast rate response, negligible self-discharge, and good temperature adaptability. Integrating intrinsic safe cell chemistry to robust cell design further guarantees reversible energy storage against extreme abuse of overheating, overcharge, short circuit, and mechanical damage in the air and water. This work may shed fresh insight into bridging the huge gap between high energy and safety of rechargeable cells for feasible applications and recycle.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Li ₂ S-based all-solid-state battery with high energy and superior safety

et al. 2022

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“…In fact, the maximum Li plating amount in hybrid graphite–Li‐metal anode for long‐term cycling without safety issues is significant for their practical application. Cai et al [ 180 ] found that the tolerance of Li plating amount is 25% the capacity of fully lithiated graphite, which was revealed by the safety tests of overcharge and nail penetration of pouch cells. The prerequisite for the 25% amount is the uniformly distributed Li plating rather than Li dendrites or “dead Li”, which was realized by using localized high concentration electrolyte (LHCE).…”

Section: Insights Of Graphite In Li‐metal and All‐solid‐state Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the Roles of Natural Graphite in Ongoing Lithium‐Ion Batteries

et al. 2022

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namely natural graphite (NG) and artificial graphite. NG originates from organics rich in carbon under long-term hightemperature and high-pressure geological environments, while artificial graphite is obtained by artificial carbonization and graphitization of organics under high temperature. The main types of NG include flake graphite (FG) and microcrystalline graphite (MG). NG, such as flake FG, delivers high capacity owing to its larger anisotropic crystalline domains, while the artificial graphite with higher purity and larger fraction of edge planes caused by smaller crystalline size presents excellent electrochemical kinetics, long cycle life, but low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE). [9,10] NG has drawn great attention as anode material in LIBs due to the outstanding features such as high energy density, excellent processability, and low cost. [11,12] By 2020, NG accounted for 39% of the anode material market compared with 58% of artificial graphite. [13] It should be noted that the market share of NG will continue to grow due to the requirements for reducing CO 2 emission and environmental footprint since the production of artificial graphite is energy-intensive, high cost, and time consuming. [14] China is rich in resources of NG and is the world's largest exporter of NG. [15] FG shows a typical layered and anisotropic structure in which large graphite crystals stack together within orientation. [16] When used as an anode material, FG presents high specific capacity and ICE, but poor cyclic stability due to the structure destruction caused by volume expansion. [17,18] MG presents isotropic structure, consisting of graphitic microcrystals randomly stacked together. The MG anode presents better cyclic stability and outstanding rate performance due to the small volume expansion and shortened lithium ion (Li + ) diffusion distance, but low ICE owing to the large surface area. [16] It should be noted that our group invented NG-based materials as early as 1992, [19][20][21] and introduced such low-cost materials in many aspects of applications, and finally into LIBs as commercial anodes in 1997. [22][23][24] To improve its electrochemical performance, surface modification such as carbon coating is essential for NG to form a stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer, which can reduce the initial irreversible capacity, enhance the cyclability, and improve the low-temperature as well as thermal stability. [25] Besides, the NG can be hybridized with other carbon materials, including carbon nanotube (CNT), [26][27][28] Graphite, commonly including artificial graphite and natural graphite (NG), possesses a relatively high theoretical capacity of 372 mA h g -1 and appropriate lithiation/de-lithiation potential, and has been extensively used as the anode of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). With the requirements of reducing CO 2 emission to achieve carbon neutral, the market share of NG anode will continue to grow due to its excellent processability and low production energy consumption. NG, which is abundant in Chi...

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“…Additionally, the risk of thermal runaway increases with increased energy density of the cells [175,176]. LIB safety evaluation consists of electrochemical (e.g., overcharge [177]), mechanical (e.g., nail penetration and impact tests [178]), and thermal tests, and a detailed summary can be found in Ref [179]. The series of dominant reactions that occur during thermal runaway are extensively covered in literature dedicated to thermal runaway [39,40,169].…”

Section: Heat Generation Due To Side Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of thermal physics and management inside lithium-ion batteries for high energy density and fast charging

Zeng

Chalise

Lubner

et al. 2021

Energy Storage Materials

117

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Traditionally it has been assumed that battery thermal management systems should be designed to maintain the battery temperature around room temperature. That is not always true as Lithium-ion battery (LIB) R&D is pivoting towards the development of high energy density and fast charging batteries. Therefore, it is necessary to have a comprehensive review of thermal considerations for LIBs targeted for high energy density and fast charging, i.e., the optimal thermal condition, thermal physics (heat transport and generation) inside the battery, and thermal management strategies. As the energy density and charge rate increases, the optimal battery temperature can shift to be higher than room temperature. To improve the temperature uniformity and avoid excessive internal temperature rise, heat transfer inside the battery needs to be enhanced, and reducing the thermal contact resistance between the electrodes and separator can significantly increase the effective thermal conductivity of batteries. In the first part of the review various challenges and latest developments related to thermal transport and properties of LIBs are discussed. In the second part of the review various sources of heat generation inside LIBs and various approaches to minimizing battery heat generation are summarized. The importance of heat of mixing due to ion diffusion during fast charging is also highlighted. Finally, a summary of latest advancement on smart control of internal temperature of LIBs is discussed as depending on the ambient temperature and the optimal temperature; the battery heat needs to be retained or dissipated to elevate or avoid temperature rise. Lithium-ion battery; Optimal battery temperature; High energy density; Fast charging; Battery thermal management

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The Boundary of Lithium Plating in Graphite Electrode for Safe Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Cited by 154 publications

References 43 publications

A Li ₂ S-based all-solid-state battery with high energy and superior safety

A Li ₂ S-based all-solid-state battery with high energy and superior safety

Revisiting the Roles of Natural Graphite in Ongoing Lithium‐Ion Batteries

A review of thermal physics and management inside lithium-ion batteries for high energy density and fast charging

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The Boundary of Lithium Plating in Graphite Electrode for Safe Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Cited by 154 publications

References 43 publications

A Li 2 S-based all-solid-state battery with high energy and superior safety

A Li 2 S-based all-solid-state battery with high energy and superior safety

Revisiting the Roles of Natural Graphite in Ongoing Lithium‐Ion Batteries

A review of thermal physics and management inside lithium-ion batteries for high energy density and fast charging

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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A Li ₂ S-based all-solid-state battery with high energy and superior safety

A Li ₂ S-based all-solid-state battery with high energy and superior safety