Abstract:The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is considered to be an excellent theranostic target of prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, three 18 F-labeled PSMA tracers with a more lipophilic quinoline functional spacer were designed, synthesized, and evaluated based on the Glu-Ureido-Lys binding motif. The effect of structure-related lipophilic difference on distribution and excretion of these tracers in vitro and in vivo (cells, rodent, primate, and human) was investigated by comparing with [ 18 F]DCFPyL. … Show more
“…Moreover, a lipophilic character of the tracer can increase nonspecific uptake in other organs. 20 , 22 − 24 , 28 In the case of PSMA ligands, higher ligand lipophilicity of PSMA-I&T-based ligands led to an increase in tumor uptake in LNCaP xenografts. 24 In addition, Böhmer et al developed and characterized a copper(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) based PSMA ligand for PET imaging called [ 18 F]PSMA-MIC01.…”
Strain-promoted azide–alkyne
cycloaddition (SPAAC) is a
straightforward and multipurpose conjugation strategy. The use of
SPAAC to link different functional elements to prostate-specific membrane
antigen (PSMA) ligands would facilitate the development of a modular
platform for PSMA-targeted imaging and therapy of prostate cancer
(PCa). As a first proof of concept for the SPAAC chemistry platform,
we synthesized and characterized four dual-labeled PSMA ligands for
intraoperative radiodetection and fluorescence imaging of PCa. Ligands
were synthesized using solid-phase chemistry and contained a chelator
for
111
In or
99m
Tc labeling. The fluorophore
IRDye800CW was conjugated using SPAAC chemistry or conventional
N
-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)–ester coupling. Log
D
values were measured and PSMA specificity of these ligands
was determined in LS174T-PSMA cells. Tumor targeting was evaluated
in BALB/c nude mice with subcutaneous LS174T-PSMA and LS174T wild-type
tumors using μSPECT/CT imaging, fluorescence imaging, and biodistribution
studies. SPAAC chemistry increased the lipophilicity of the ligands
(log
D
range: −2.4 to −4.4).
In vivo
, SPAAC chemistry ligands showed high and specific
accumulation in s.c. LS174T-PSMA tumors up to 24 h after injection,
enabling clear visualization using μSPECT/CT and fluorescence
imaging. Overall, no significant differences between the SPAAC chemistry
ligands and their NHS-based counterparts were found (2 h p.i.,
p
> 0.05), while
111
In-labeled ligands outperformed
the
99m
Tc ligands. Here, we demonstrate that our newly
developed SPAAC-based PSMA ligands show high PSMA-specific tumor targeting.
The use of click chemistry in PSMA ligand development opens up the
opportunity for fast, efficient, and versatile conjugations of multiple
imaging moieties and/or drugs.
“…Moreover, a lipophilic character of the tracer can increase nonspecific uptake in other organs. 20 , 22 − 24 , 28 In the case of PSMA ligands, higher ligand lipophilicity of PSMA-I&T-based ligands led to an increase in tumor uptake in LNCaP xenografts. 24 In addition, Böhmer et al developed and characterized a copper(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) based PSMA ligand for PET imaging called [ 18 F]PSMA-MIC01.…”
Strain-promoted azide–alkyne
cycloaddition (SPAAC) is a
straightforward and multipurpose conjugation strategy. The use of
SPAAC to link different functional elements to prostate-specific membrane
antigen (PSMA) ligands would facilitate the development of a modular
platform for PSMA-targeted imaging and therapy of prostate cancer
(PCa). As a first proof of concept for the SPAAC chemistry platform,
we synthesized and characterized four dual-labeled PSMA ligands for
intraoperative radiodetection and fluorescence imaging of PCa. Ligands
were synthesized using solid-phase chemistry and contained a chelator
for
111
In or
99m
Tc labeling. The fluorophore
IRDye800CW was conjugated using SPAAC chemistry or conventional
N
-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)–ester coupling. Log
D
values were measured and PSMA specificity of these ligands
was determined in LS174T-PSMA cells. Tumor targeting was evaluated
in BALB/c nude mice with subcutaneous LS174T-PSMA and LS174T wild-type
tumors using μSPECT/CT imaging, fluorescence imaging, and biodistribution
studies. SPAAC chemistry increased the lipophilicity of the ligands
(log
D
range: −2.4 to −4.4).
In vivo
, SPAAC chemistry ligands showed high and specific
accumulation in s.c. LS174T-PSMA tumors up to 24 h after injection,
enabling clear visualization using μSPECT/CT and fluorescence
imaging. Overall, no significant differences between the SPAAC chemistry
ligands and their NHS-based counterparts were found (2 h p.i.,
p
> 0.05), while
111
In-labeled ligands outperformed
the
99m
Tc ligands. Here, we demonstrate that our newly
developed SPAAC-based PSMA ligands show high PSMA-specific tumor targeting.
The use of click chemistry in PSMA ligand development opens up the
opportunity for fast, efficient, and versatile conjugations of multiple
imaging moieties and/or drugs.
“…aromatics such as in dibenzocyclooctene), is prone to increase the fraction of slow hepatobiliary clearance [29]. In addition, the study of Zhang et al showed that addition of lipophilic quinoline groups in PSMA ligand [ 18 F]DCFPyl led to a large increase in liver accumulation in mice, primates and PCa patients [33].…”
Purpose: Strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) is a straightforward and multipurpose conjugation strategy. Use of SPAAC to link different functional elements to prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligands would facilitate the development of a modular platform for PSMA-targeted imaging and therapy of prostate cancer (PCa). As a first proof-of-concept for the SPAAC chemistry platform we synthesized and characterized four dual-labeled PSMA ligands for intraoperative radiodetection and fluorescence imaging of PCa. Methods: Ligands were synthesized using solid phase chemistry and contained a chelator for 111In or 99mTc labeling. The fluorophore IRDye800CW was conjugated using SPAAC chemistry or conventional N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-ester coupling. LogD values were measured and PSMA-specificity of these ligands was determined in LS174T-PSMA cells. Tumor targeting was evaluated in BALB/c nude mice with subcutaneous LS174T-PSMA and LS174T wildtype tumors using µSPECT/CT imaging, fluorescence imaging, and biodistribution studies. Results: SPAAC chemistry increased lipophilicity of the ligands (range LogD: -2.4 to -4.4). In vivo, SPAAC chemistry ligands showed high and specific accumulation in s.c. LS174T-PSMA tumors up to 24 hours after injection, enabling clear visualization using µSPECT/CT and fluorescence imaging. Overall, no significant differences between the SPAAC chemistry ligands and their NHS-based counterparts were found (2 h p.i., p > 0.05), while 111In-labeled ligands outperformed the 99mTc ligands. Conclusion: Here we demonstrate that our newly developed SPAAC-based PSMA ligands show high PSMA-specific tumor targeting. Use of click-chemistry in PSMA ligand development opens up the opportunity for fast, efficient and versatile conjugations of multiple imaging moieties and/or drugs.
“…Recently, Vaidyanathan et al demonstrated further improvements in the biodistribution and pharmacokinetic profile by adding a guanidino group to the aromatic ring of the inhibitor [82]. In addition, modifications with quinolone derivatives appear advantageous in diagnostic tracers and could potentially serve as templates for future therapeutic approaches [83].…”
Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer among men, with 1.3 million yearly cases worldwide. Among those cancer-afflicted men, 30% will develop metastases and some will progress into metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), which is associated with a poor prognosis and median survival time that ranges from nine to 13 months. Nevertheless, the discovery of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a marker overexpressed in the majority of prostatic cancerous tissue, revolutionised PC care. Ever since, PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapy has gained remarkable international visibility in translational oncology. Furthermore, on first clinical application, it has shown significant influence on therapeutic management and patient care in metastatic and hormone-refractory prostate cancer, a disease that previously had remained immedicable. In this article, we provide a general overview of the main milestones in the development of ligands for PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapy, ranging from the firstly developed monoclonal antibodies to the current state-of-the-art low molecular weight entities conjugated with various radionuclides, as well as potential future efforts related to PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapy.
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