Surface-reacted calcium carbonate microparticles as templates for lactoferrin encapsulation

Hybrid protein microspheres and their responsive release behaviors and inhibitory effects on melanin synthesis

“…For example, chymotrypsin used for digestive purposes, superoxide dismutase loaded as an antioxidant in ophthalmology, lysozyme/bovine serum albuminencapsulated microparticles, lactoferrin for antitumor activity, β-lactamase for increased thrombin cleavage, and alkaline phosphatase for acceleration of ossification have been developed as promising carriers for a specific protein or enzyme drug delivery system. [33][34][35][36][37][38] Hence, it is believed that the use of proteins in CaCO 3 microspheres developed via biomineralization eliminates the limitations of conventional methods while simultaneously providing the options to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules or different molecule complexes. 39 Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain up to 40 acidic enzymes and are small vesicles composed of a plasma membrane that can prevent aggressive enzymes from destroying cellular structures.…”

Mucin coated protein-polyphenol microcarriers for daidzein delivery

“…In our previous investigation we demonstrated that FCC (same as SRCC3) exhibits LC of 11% for water-soluble protein, lactoferrin, with RE of 74% after 2 cycles of washing with DI water. 30 Therefore, FCC demonstrate substantially higher LC for hydrophobic small molecules than macromolecules but subsequent higher washout from the matrix.…”

“…Porous FCC particles used in this work as templates are irregularly shaped having size of approximately 6 to 10 μm, as shown previously. 30 For the ease of comparison, their SEM image is shown here in the Fig. 2a.…”

“…This is due to the fact that FCC template was decomposed upon HCl treatment, and the weight of remaining multilayer shell is just ∼10 wt% of the initial FCC template, as shown previously. 30…”

“…Our group is developing microencapsulation systems where release is triggered by components specific to various sections of the gastrointestinal tract. [27][28][29][30] We have reported layer-bylayer (LbL) assembled protein-polyphenol microcarriers for protection against gastric digestion of a bioactive ingredient, lactoferrin, and its controlled release in the small intestine triggered by proteolysis of the protein component of the shells with an intestinal protease, α-chymotrypsin. 27,29 Furthermore, we have also reported the incorporation of a whey protein, immunoglobulin G, into the LbL assembled microcarriers which dramatically increased their adhesion towards intestinal epithelial to achieve sustained release.…”