Modulation of cathelicidin and defensins by histone deacetylase inhibitors: A potential treatment for multi-drug resistant infectious diseases

Butyrate, Forskolin, and Lactose Synergistically Enhance Disease Resistance by Inducing the Expression of the Genes Involved in Innate Host Defense and Barrier Function

“…With antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and barrier-protective activities, HDPs are critical effectors of innate immunity to help fight off infections [11][12][13][14][15]. A deficiency in HDP production is associated with increase susceptibility to infectious diseases, while augmenting HDP synthesis confers protection [7][8][9][10]. Enhancing animal innate defense through promoting the synthesis of endogenous HDPs is being explored as an alternative approach to in-feed antibiotics for disease control and prevention [7][8][9][10].…”

“…A deficiency in HDP production is associated with increase susceptibility to infectious diseases, while augmenting HDP synthesis confers protection [7][8][9][10]. Enhancing animal innate defense through promoting the synthesis of endogenous HDPs is being explored as an alternative approach to in-feed antibiotics for disease control and prevention [7][8][9][10].…”

“…Butyrate is a well-known HDP inducer in humans and livestock animals [7][8][9][10]. Forskolin, a phytochemical, induces HDP gene expression in both human and chicken cells [22,23].…”

“…Enhancing the production of endogenous host defense peptides (HDPs) is being actively explored as a promising antibiotic-free strategy for disease control and prevention [7][8][9][10]. HDPs, also known as antimicrobial peptides, are a group of small peptides pro-Antibiotics 2021, 10, 1175 2 of 14 duced mainly by mucosal epithelial cells and phagocytes [11][12][13][14].…”

“…Additionally, HDPs are also capable of improving barrier function by stimulating the production of mucins and tight junction proteins [15]. Due to potent antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and barrier-protective properties of HDPs, strategies to enhance HDP synthesis have been shown to protect the host against infections [7][8][9][10]. A variety of small-molecule compounds such as fatty acids, phytochemicals, and vitamin D 3 have been shown to induce HDP expression and are being developed for antimicrobial therapies [7][8][9][10]16].…”