Minimizing the Risk of Exercise-Induced Glucose Fluctuations in People Living With Type 1 Diabetes Using Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion: An Overview of Strategies

Abstract

2 tables, 2 figures Résumé : Physical activity (PA) is important for individuals living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) due to its various health benefits.Nonetheless, maintaining adequate glycemic control around PA remains a challenge for many individuals living with T1D because of the difficulty to properly manage circulating insulin levels around PA. While the most common problem is increased incidence of hypoglycemia during and after most types of PA, hyperglycemia can also occur. Accordingly, a large proportion of people living with T1D are sedentary partly due to the fear of PA-associated hypoglycemia. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) offers a higher precision and flexibility to adjust insulin basal rates and boluses according to the individual's specific needs around PA practice. Indeed, for physically active patients with T1D, CSII can be a preferred option to facilitate glucose regulation. To our knowledge, there are no guidelines to manage exercise-induced hypoglycemia during PA, specifically for individuals living with T1D and using CSII. This review highlights the current state of knowledge on exercise-related glucose variations, especially the hypoglycemic risk as well as its underlying physiology. Further, we detail the current recommendations for insulin modulations according to the different PA modalities (type, intensity, duration, frequency) in individuals living with T1D using CSII.

Knowledge and Practices of Insulin Pump among Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Attending a Specialized Center in Saudi Arabia

“…Reducing the risk of infection can be achieved by changing the infusion set every 3 days, recognizing the signs and symptoms of skin irritation/infection, and keeping antibiotic cream to use when needed [21,23]. Reducing the risk of exercise-induced hypoglycemia can be achieved by frequent glucose monitoring and eating carbohydrates during exercise [24]. Lack of appropriate insulin pump maintenance can be manifested in several adverse events, such as pump failure, pain, adhesion, irritation, lipodystrophy, and technical issues [12,25].…”

Barriers to Physical Activity in Children and Adults Living With Type 1 Diabetes: A Complex Link With Real-life Glycemic Excursions

“…In addition to therapeutic education, new technologies, and specifically continuous-glucose monitoring systems with alarms, may represent promising solutions for reducing barriers to PA related to glycemic excursions while lightening the mental burden. The use of artificial pancreas is even suggested as effective for reducing the risk of hypoglycemia during exercise and especially at night [41,42].…”