Gender differences in the associations among fish intake, lifestyle, and non-HDL-C level in Japanese subjects over the age of 50 years: Anti-atherosclerotic effect of fish consumption

Gender-Related Differences in Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Vascular Calcification Risk and Potential Risk Mediators: A Scoping Review

“…Traditional belief maintains that males have a significantly higher prevalence of atherosclerosis, are more likely to have accelerated lesion progression, be symptomatic, and to have more severe/unstable plaque features compared to females [20]. There are also studies suggesting that the influence of beneficial lifestyle changes on the risk of atherosclerosis may have gender-related differences [21]. On the contrary, females tend to occupy a greater proportion of patients with atherosclerosis or ischemic heart disease than males after 75 years [22].…”

Associations Among Daily Fish Intake, Monocyte/HDL-C Ratio, and Lifestyle in Japanese Males Aged >50: Risk Stratification of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

“…If we had measured the serum levels of n-3 PUFAs, more detailed results could have been obtained. We previously showed that a dietary habit with a higher frequency of sh intake might involve a healthier lifestyle and a better serum lipid pro le [11,12]. We consider that the improvement of the serum lipid pro le with a high frequency of sh intake is mediated by the effect of n-3 PUFAs that are abundantly found in sh, especially oily sh, and a better lifestyle.…”

Combined Higher Frequency Fish Consumption and Healthy Lifestyle May Lower the Triglyceride/HDL-C Ratio in Middle-Aged Japanese Males: Anti-Atherosclerotic Effect of Fish Consumption

“…1. In females, it may be challenging to find an ameliorative effect on serum lipid profile induced by fish intake because of the rapid decrease in estrogen secretion around menopause, as a previous report [14].…”

“…The subjects undergoing health checkups were given the following lifestyle questionnaire and asked to provide appropriate responses. These questions are similar to the self-reported questionnaire described in our previous study [13, 14, 16].…”

“…Healthy lifestyle behaviors and good dietary habits are closely associated with a reduced risk of ASCVD [9], and diets that are rich in fish, such as the Japanese Diet [10], help reduce the risk of ASCVD onset [11]. Habitual fish consumption is positively associated with healthy lifestyle behaviors (e.g., aerobic exercise, lack of a smoking habit, and moderate alcohol intake) [12][13][14]. However, there is limited evidence in the literature on the association of fish consumption with overall lifestyle behaviors and serum TG/HDL-C, as mentioned above.…”