Ovarian Leydig cell tumor and postmenopausal hirsutism with signs of virilisation

Ferrinho, Cátia; Silva, Eugénia; Oliveira, Manuela; Duarte, João Sequeira

doi:10.1136/bcr-2020-240937

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Wesolowska et al reported a 64-year-old postmenopausal woman with an ovarian tumor who developed advanced AGA and progressive hirsutism within 3 years [ 49 ]. Ferrinho Catia et al reported a similar case [ 51 ]. These reports indicate that increased androgen levels may lead to the appearance of AGA in androgen-secreting tumors.…”

Section: Cancermentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Recently, some scholars have proposed that AGA is also related to cancer, but the results of these studies are controversial [ 46 – 51 ]. A meta-analysis assessed the relationship between cancer incidence or cancer-specific mortality and AGA categories using retention odds ratios (OR) or hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).…”

Section: Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comorbidities in Androgenetic Alopecia: A Comprehensive Review

Chen

Xie

Zhang

et al. 2022

Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)

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Androgenetic alopecia is the most common form of hair loss, affecting 85% of men and 40% of women. Androgenetic alopecia is a disease caused by multiple factors, such as genetics, hormones, and systemic diseases; however, the exact cause remains undetermined. Recent studies have found that it is associated with a high incidence of endocrine diseases and other comorbidities. It may not only be a skin disease but also an early signal of underlying systemic diseases. Effective management requires timely diagnosis and treatment initiation. However, in current clinical practice, androgenetic alopecia is still not fully understood or treated. Recognizing the true physical, social, and emotional burden of androgenic alopecia, as well as its associated comorbidities, is the first step in improving the prognosis of affected patients. This review aimed to gather the known pathological factors and provide a reference for clinical physicians to understand androgenetic alopecia and its comorbidities in depth, thereby enabling early recognition of the underlying systemic diseases and providing timely treatment.

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Section: Cancermentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Comorbidities in Androgenetic Alopecia: A Comprehensive Review

Chen

Xie

Zhang

et al. 2022

Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)

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“…Luteinizing hormone stimulation maintains ovarian androgen secretion in postmenopause [ 1 , 2 ]. Despite the physiological hormone processes in menopause, the presence of true virilisation characteristics such as alopecia, hirsutism, acne, deepening of the voice, or clitoromegaly must be analysed cautiously, as these disorders can be caused by various non-tumorous or tumorous conditions with androgen hyperproduction [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Identifying the precise cause of hyperandrogenism can be a complex task, requiring a comprehensive approach that combines clinical assessment, laboratory testing, imaging techniques and, in certain cases, postoperative histopathological examination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovarian Leydig Cell Tumor and Ovarian Hyperthecosis in a Postmenopausal Woman: A Case Report and Literature Review

Bužinskienė,

Marčiukaitytė,

Šidlovska

et al. 2023

Medicina

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Ovarian Leydig cell tumor is a rare type of ovarian steroid cell neoplasms, presenting in only 0.1% of all ovarian tumor cases, and is generally androgen-secreting and unilateral. Although they are often malignant non-spreading tumors, which have excellent prognosis, benign ovarian Leydig cell tumors with low-risk malignancy can be also detected. Ovarian hyperthecosis is a rare non-neoplastic disorder, in most cases bilateral. Ovarian tumors and ovarian hyperthecosis are one of the main causes of hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal women, a condition strongly associated with both hormonal and metabolic changes. Here, we report a 65-year-old patient with complaints of excessive body hairiness and alopecia. The laboratory investigation showed increased levels of serum testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S). Imaging, including transvaginal ultrasound and pelvic MRI revealed the presence of two masses in the ovaries. The patient underwent a laparoscopic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy due to the ovarian tumors unknown etiology, and histopathological examination revealed a unilateral benign left ovarian Leydig cell tumor with bilateral ovarian stromal hyperplasia and ovarian hyperthecosis. Making differential diagnosis between ovarian tumors and ovarian hyperthecosis is difficult. Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is the treatment of choice in postmenopausal women with benign Leydig cell ovarian tumor, as well as ovarian hyperthecosis, as it offers both a cure and diagnostic confirmation.

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“…Generally, hormonally active tumors account for about 5% of all ovarian masses [ 2 , 3 , 4 ], and the incidence of steroid cell tumors is less than 0.1% of all ovarian neoplasms [ 5 ]. Notably, there are associations between ovarian LCTs and gynecological cancer [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Leydig Steroid Cell Tumor in a Postmenopausal Woman with Clinical and Biochemical Hyperandrogenism: A Case Report

Suturina

Sharifulin

et al. 2022

Metabolites

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Leydig cell tumors (LCTs) refer to tumors of the stroma of the genital strand, which are found mainly in postmenopausal women. The diagnosis of LCTs in postmenopausal women is associated with specific difficulties and is based on the identification of hyperandrogenism with clinical manifestations of virilization, which has an erased picture in postmenopausal women. LCTs require differential diagnosis with other causes of hyperandrogenism. We present the clinical case of a 55-year-old Russian postmenopausal patient with LCTs of the right ovary, significantly increased levels of androgens, and rapidly progressive clinical signs of hyperandrogenism. The patient underwent laparoscopic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and the androgen indices reached average values by the first and third month after surgery. This case demonstrates that LCTs are often benign with a good prognosis and normalization of the clinical and laboratory manifestations of hyperandrogenism after surgical treatment. The type of surgery performed (bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy rather than unilateral) is recommended as the treatment of choice for LCTs in postmenopausal patients.

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Ovarian Leydig cell tumor and postmenopausal hirsutism with signs of virilisation

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Comorbidities in Androgenetic Alopecia: A Comprehensive Review

Comorbidities in Androgenetic Alopecia: A Comprehensive Review

Ovarian Leydig Cell Tumor and Ovarian Hyperthecosis in a Postmenopausal Woman: A Case Report and Literature Review

The Leydig Steroid Cell Tumor in a Postmenopausal Woman with Clinical and Biochemical Hyperandrogenism: A Case Report

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