A crosstalk between auxin and brassinosteroid regulates leaf shape by modulating growth anisotropy

Xiong, Yuanyuan; Wu, Binbin; Du, Fei; Guo, Xiaolu; Tian, Caihuan; Hu, Jinrong; Lü, Shouqin; Long, Mian; Zhang, Lei; Wang, Ying; Jiao, Yuling

doi:10.1016/j.molp.2021.03.011

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…However, the transient increase of EpiBL in the most basal region of the hypocotyl between 6 and 10 hae might contribute to AR initiation in this region, likely through its crosstalk with IAA. Indeed, it has been shown recently that ARF6 and ARF8 also promote the expression of DWARF4 in the leaf epidermis and that subsequent BR signaling increases cell wall plasticity resulting in directional cell growth [49]. Hence, the observed MeJA and EpiBL gradients might be the direct read-out of the IAA gradient in the most basal region of the hypocotyl after wounding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Dynamic Hormone Gradients Regulate Wound-Induced de novo Organ Formation in Tomato Hypocotyl Explants

Larriba

Sánchez-García

Justamante

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Plants have a remarkable regenerative capacity, which allows them to survive tissue damage after biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we use Solanum lycopersicum ‘Micro-Tom’ explants as a model to investigate wound-induced de novo organ formation, as these explants can regenerate the missing structures without the exogenous application of plant hormones. Here, we performed simultaneous targeted profiling of 22 phytohormone-related metabolites during de novo organ formation and found that endogenous hormone levels dynamically changed after root and shoot excision, according to region-specific patterns. Our results indicate that a defined temporal window of high auxin-to-cytokinin accumulation in the basal region of the explants was required for adventitious root formation and that was dependent on a concerted regulation of polar auxin transport through the hypocotyl, of local induction of auxin biosynthesis, and of local inhibition of auxin degradation. In the apical region, though, a minimum of auxin-to-cytokinin ratio is established shortly after wounding both by decreasing active auxin levels and by draining auxin via its basipetal transport and internalization. Cross-validation with transcriptomic data highlighted the main hormonal gradients involved in wound-induced de novo organ formation in tomato hypocotyl explants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Dynamic Hormone Gradients Regulate Wound-Induced de novo Organ Formation in Tomato Hypocotyl Explants

Larriba

Sánchez-García

Justamante

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Perturbed adaxial–abaxial polarity can result in altered leaf curvature, and even cause trumpet‐shaped leaves (Liu et al ., 2010; Qi et al ., 2014). During leaf blade outgrowth, secondary morphogenesis is also regulated by a complex network involving small RNAs, transcription factors, gibberellins and brassinosteroids (Du et al ., 2018; Xiong et al ., 2021). These and other studies lay a foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms of organ patterning, but how cell growth is controlled and coordinated to achieve leaf morphogenesis is incompletely understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polygalacturonase45 cleaves pectin and links cell proliferation and morphogenesis to leaf curvature in Arabidopsis thaliana

2021

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Regulating plant architecture is a major goal in current breeding programs. Previous studies have increased our understanding of the genetic regulation of plant architecture, but it is also essential to understand how organ morphology is controlled at the cellular level. In the cell wall, pectin modification and degradation are required for organ morphogenesis, and these processes involve a series of pectin-modifying enzymes. Polygalacturonases (PGs) are a major group of pectin-hydrolyzing enzymes that cleave pectin backbones and release oligogalacturonides (OGs). PG genes function in cell expansion and separation, and contribute to organ expansion, separation and dehiscence in plants. However, whether and how they influence other cellular processes and organ morphogenesis are poorly understood. Here, we characterized the functions of Arabidopsis PG45 (PG45) in organ morphogenesis using genetic, developmental, cell biological and biochemical analyses. A heterologously expressed portion of PG45 cleaves pectic homogalacturonan in vitro, indicating that PG45 is a bona fide PG. PG45 functions in leaf and flower structure, branch formation and organ growth. Undulation in pg45 knockout and PG45 overexpression leaves is accompanied by impaired adaxial-abaxial polarity, and loss of PG45 shortens the duration of cell proliferation in the adaxial epidermis of developing leaves. Abnormal leaf curvature is coupled with altered pectin metabolism and autogenous OG profiles in pg45 knockout and PG45 overexpression leaves. Together, these results highlight a previously underappreciated function for PGs in determining tissue polarity and regulating cell proliferation, and imply the existence of OG-based signaling pathways that modulate plant development.

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“…Based on our observations, we suggest that the sclerotized, brown ring structure at the vaginula‐seta junction has the mechanical function of securing the sporophyte foot. It is well known that auxin can have a loosening effect on cell walls (Cosgrove, 2021), regulated by complex molecular signalling (Xiong et al ., 2021; Varapparambath et al ., 2022). Thus, changes in auxin distribution or concentration in the ring structure could lead to a loosening of the ring and subsequently to the loss of the sporophyte.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Physcomitrella PIN protein acts in spermatogenesis and sporophyte retention

et al. 2023

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Summary The auxin efflux PIN‐FORMED (PIN) proteins are conserved in all land plants and important players in plant development. In the moss Physcomitrella (Physcomitrium patens), three canonical PINs (PpPINA–C) are expressed in the leafy shoot (gametophore). PpPINA and PpPINB show functional activity in vegetative growth and sporophyte development. Here, we examined the role of PpPINC in the life cycle of Physcomitrella. We established reporter and knockout lines for PpPINC and analysed vegetative and reproductive tissues using microscopy and transcriptomic sequencing of moss gametangia. PpPINC is expressed in immature leaves, mature gametangia and during sporophyte development. The sperm cells (spermatozoids) of pinC knockout mutants exhibit increased motility and an altered flagella phenotype. Furthermore, the pinC mutants have a higher portion of differentially expressed genes related to spermatogenesis, increased fertility and an increased abortion rate of premeiotic sporophytes. Here, we show that PpPINC is important for spermatogenesis and sporophyte retention. We propose an evolutionary conserved way of polar growth during early moss embryo development and sporophyte attachment to the gametophore while suggesting the mechanical function in sporophyte retention of a ring structure, the Lorch ring.

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A crosstalk between auxin and brassinosteroid regulates leaf shape by modulating growth anisotropy

Cited by 27 publications

References 61 publications

Dynamic Hormone Gradients Regulate Wound-Induced de novo Organ Formation in Tomato Hypocotyl Explants

Dynamic Hormone Gradients Regulate Wound-Induced de novo Organ Formation in Tomato Hypocotyl Explants

Polygalacturonase45 cleaves pectin and links cell proliferation and morphogenesis to leaf curvature in Arabidopsis thaliana

A Physcomitrella PIN protein acts in spermatogenesis and sporophyte retention

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