Combined lesion-deficit and fMRI approaches in single-case studies: unique contributions to cognitive neuroscience

Streese, Carolina Deifelt; Tranel, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.01.004

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In line with our findings, recent convergent functional, structural, and neurochemical evidence demonstrated that structures in the brainstem participate in the activity of ventral and dorsal cortical attentional networks in mediating attentional processes (3). This underlines the value of our approach, i.e., a single case, causal lesion-deficit approach complemented by imaging, in testing and extending new theoretical accounts and network models (20,21).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

A case study of left visual neglect after right pontine lesion: pathophysiological evidence for the infratentorial involvement in human visual attention

Cazzoli

Kaufmann

Rühe

et al. 2023

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Hemispatial neglect, the inability to attend to the contralesional side of space, is the most common disturbance of visuospatial attention. Both hemispatial neglect and visuospatial attention are typically associated with extended cortical networks. However, recent accounts challenge this so-called corticocentric view and postulate the participation of structures well beyond the telencephalic cortex, in particular advocating the role of the brainstem. However, to the best of our knowledge, hemispatial neglect after a brainstem lesion has not yet been described. We describe, for the first time in a human, the occurrence and remission of contralesional visual hemispatial neglect after a focal lesion in the right pons. Hemispatial neglect was assessed by means of video-oculography during free visual exploration, a very sensitive and established method, and its remission was followed up until three weeks after stroke. Moreover, by means of a lesion-deficit approach complemented by imaging, we identify a pathophysiological mechanism involving the disconnection of cortico-ponto-cerebellar and/or tecto-cerebellar-tectal pathways passing through the pons. Our findings offer, for the first time in a human, causal, lesion-based support for recent seminal accounts postulating the role of infratentorial structures in participating in the activity of cerebral cortical attentional networks mediating attentional processes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

A case study of left visual neglect after right pontine lesion: pathophysiological evidence for the infratentorial involvement in human visual attention

Cazzoli

Kaufmann

Rühe

et al. 2023

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…However, single-case research has often yielded valuable insights into our understanding of clinical and psychological phenomena and has complemented research using large groups (59)(60)(61). Further, to enhance the value and rigor of our work, we combined behavioral and neuroimaging methods (61,62) and used validated statistical tools to compare the single case and controls (31). We believe that our results with an expert individual afford unique insights into Humanitude-care practitioners.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and neural underpinnings of empathic characteristics in a Humanitude-care expert

Sato¹,

Nakazawa

Yoshikawa

et al. 2023

Front. Med.

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BackgroundHumanitude approaches have shown positive effects in elderly care. However, the behavioral and neural underpinnings of empathic characteristics in Humanitude-care experts remain unknown.MethodsWe investigated the empathic characteristics of a Humanitude-care expert (YG) and those of age-, sex-, and race-matched controls (n = 13). In a behavioral study, we measured subjective valence and arousal ratings and facial electromyography (EMG) of the corrugator supercilii and zygomatic major muscles while participants passively observed dynamic facial expressions associated with anger and happiness and their randomized mosaic patterns. In a functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study, we measured brain activity while participants passively observed the same dynamic facial expressions and mosaics. In a structural MRI study, we acquired structural MRI data and analyzed gray matter volume.ResultsOur behavioral data showed that YG experienced higher subjective arousal and showed stronger facial EMG activity congruent with stimulus facial expressions compared with controls. The functional MRI data demonstrated that YG showed stronger activity in the ventral premotor cortex (PMv; covering the precentral gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus) and posterior middle temporal gyrus in the right hemisphere in response to dynamic facial expressions versus dynamic mosaics compared with controls. The structural MRI data revealed higher regional gray matter volume in the right PMv in YG than in controls.ConclusionThese results suggest that Humanitude-care experts have behavioral and neural characteristics associated with empathic social interactions.

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“…2018 ; Pereira et al. 2021 ; Streese and Tranel 2021 ) or few units ( Self et al. 2016 ) have traditionally been important in cognitive neuroscience.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing stimulus-evoked and spontaneous response of the face-selective multi-units in the human posterior fusiform gyrus

Schwartz

Rozier

Malkinson

et al. 2021

Neuroscience of Consciousness

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The stimulus-evoked neural response is a widely explored phenomenon. Conscious awareness is associated in many cases with the corresponding selective stimulus-evoked response. For example, conscious awareness of a face stimulus is associated with or accompanied by stimulus-evoked activity in the fusiform face area (FFA). In addition to the stimulus-evoked response, spontaneous (i.e. task-unrelated) activity in the brain is also abundant. Notably, spontaneous activity is considered unconscious. For example, spontaneous activity in the FFA is not associated with conscious awareness of a face. The question is: what is the difference at the neural level between stimulus-evoked activity in a case that this activity is associated with conscious awareness of some content (e.g. activity in the FFA in response to fully visible face stimuli) and spontaneous activity in that same region of the brain? To answer this question, in the present study, we had a rare opportunity to record two face-selective multi-units in the vicinity of the FFA in a human patient. We compared multi-unit face-selective task-evoked activity with spontaneous prestimulus and a resting-state activity. We found that when activity was examined over relatively long temporal windows (e.g. 100–200 ms), face-selective stimulus-evoked firing in the recorded multi-units was much higher than the spontaneous activity. In contrast, when activity was examined over relatively short windows, we found many cases of high firing rates within the spontaneous activity that were comparable to stimulus-evoked activity. Our results thus indicate that the sustained activity is what might differentiate between stimulus-evoked activity that is associated with conscious awareness and spontaneous activity.

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Combined lesion-deficit and fMRI approaches in single-case studies: unique contributions to cognitive neuroscience

Cited by 12 publications

References 48 publications

A case study of left visual neglect after right pontine lesion: pathophysiological evidence for the infratentorial involvement in human visual attention

A case study of left visual neglect after right pontine lesion: pathophysiological evidence for the infratentorial involvement in human visual attention

Behavioral and neural underpinnings of empathic characteristics in a Humanitude-care expert

Comparing stimulus-evoked and spontaneous response of the face-selective multi-units in the human posterior fusiform gyrus

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