Pre-Dementia Stages and Incident Dementia in the NuAge Study

Abstract

Background: Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are two pre-dementia stages with an overlap, which may influence the risk for dementia. Objective: The study aims to examine the association of MCR, MCI, and their combination with incident dementia in Quebec community-dwelling older adults. Methods: 1,063 older adults (i.e., ≥65) were selected from a population-based observational cohort study known as the “Nutrition as a determinant of successful aging: The Quebec longitudinal study” (NuAge). Participants were separated into four groups at the baseline assessment: those without MCR and MCI, those with MCR alone, those with MCI alone, and those with MCR plus MCI. Incident dementia was recorded at each annual visit during a 3-year follow-up. Results: The prevalence of CHI was 87.2% , MCR 3.0% , MCI 8.8% , and MCR plus MCI 0.9% . The overall incidence of dementia was 2.3% and was significantly associated with MCR alone (Odd Ratio (OR) = 5.00 with 95% Confidence interval (CI) = [1.01;24.59] and p = 0.049), MCI alone (OR = 6.04 with 95% CI = [2.36;15.47] and p≤0.001), and the combination of MCR and MCI (OR = 25.75 with 95% CI = [5.32;124.66] and p≤0.001). Conclusion: Combining MCR and MCI increased the risk for incident dementia. These results also demonstrated that this combination is a better predictor of dementia than MCI and MCR alone.

New onset, transient and stable motoric cognitive risk syndrome: Clinical characteristics and association with incidence of probable dementia in the NuAge cohort

“…MCR has been associated with cardiovascular risk factors and diseases, as well as brain abnormalities, including microvascular ischemic lesions (Sekhon et al, 2019;Beauchet et al, 2020). In addition, the highest rate of conversion to dementia has been reported for vascular dementia (Verghese et al, 2013).…”

“…Both characteristics suggest that stable MCR may be associated with cardiovascular risk factors and diseases leading to irreversible brain damage. MCR has also been associated with depressive symptoms (Beauchet et al, 2021;Xu et al, 2022). First, individuals with MCR frequently reported more depressive symptoms compared to their non-MCR counterparts (Beauchet et al, 2021).…”

“…MCR has also been associated with depressive symptoms (Beauchet et al, 2021;Xu et al, 2022). First, individuals with MCR frequently reported more depressive symptoms compared to their non-MCR counterparts (Beauchet et al, 2021). Second, individuals with depressive symptoms are at risk of MCR (Meiner et al, 2020).…”

Sarcopenia and motoric cognitive risk syndrome: a moderated mediation model

“…In addition, although MCR is a motor-based syndrome, the ability to predict the risk of dementia transformation once diagnosed with MCR is derived from the degree of cognitive impairment rather than motor disorder [ 4 ]. Prospective studies have shown that MCR is an independent risk factor for dementia [ 1 , 4 , 5 ] and death [ 6 ].…”

Motoric cognitive risk syndrome as a predictor of incident disability: A 7 year follow-up study

“…Although previous studies have reported relevant links between MCR and several age-related negative outcomes, including depressive symptoms (Xu et al, 2022 ), dementia (Beauchet et al, 2021 ), falls (Callisaya et al, 2016 ), and death (Ayers and Verghese, 2016 ), very few studies have discussed the associations between MCR and disability. On one hand, previous research has found that subjects with MCI have a high rate of progression to dementia over a relatively short period (Lawton and Brody, 1969 ), and dementia and MCI shared similar risk factors (Jia et al, 2020 ).…”