Advances in Targeting HPV Infection as Potential Alternative Prophylactic Means

Carse, Sinead; Bergant, Martina; Schäfer, Georgia

doi:10.3390/ijms22042201

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…The most prevalent high-risk HPVs are HPV16 and HPV18, while the most common low-risk types are HPV6 and HPV11. Infections with specific high-risk HPV types are etiologically related to a significant proportion of vulvar, vaginal, anal, penile, and head and neck carcinomas [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: The Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Importance of the Extracellular Matrix in HPV-Associated Diseases DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99907 complex ensures the correct nuclear entry of the viral genomes, while the L1 protein is retained in the endosome and ultimately subject to lysosomal degradation [20,23,24].…”

Section: Viral Replicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, active cell division, as occurs during wound healing, is required to enter the virus genome into the nucleus. It has been proposed that lesion formation requires the initial infection of a mitotically active cell [19,20].…”

Section: Viral Replicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Viral replication is associated with excessive cell proliferation of all epidermal layers except the basal layer. Since the basal cells of the stratified sidewalk epithelium are the only ones capable of dividing, they are the initial target of HPV infection [19,20,23].…”

Section: Viral Replicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Importance of the Extracellular Matrix in HPV-Associated Diseases

Sampaio¹,

Ferreira²,

Santos³

et al. 2021

Cervical Cancer - A Global Public Health Treatise

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The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the non-cellular component of the tissues of our organism. It is the dynamic element that maintains a biochemical structure capable of supporting the organization and architecture of the tissue constituents. The diversity of ECM’s constituents gives it the biochemical and biophysical properties necessary to regulate its behavior and differentiation. ECM has an important role in the biology of cancer cell development and progression. Human papillomavirus infection (HPV) is the principal etiological agent of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. It is a virus that can cause lesions precursors of epithelial squamous and glandular tumors. Type 16 (HPV16) is the leading cause of pre-malignant lesions and invasive cancers in these tissues. This work will focus on HPV infection to understand the role of ECM in the invasion, spread, and pathogenesis of the lesions caused by this virus. Cancer is no longer considered a pathology explained only by uncontrolled proliferation and apoptosis but also by the deregulation of the microenvironment.

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Section: The Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Viral Replicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Viral Replicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Viral Replicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Importance of the Extracellular Matrix in HPV-Associated Diseases

Sampaio¹,

Ferreira²,

Santos³

et al. 2021

Cervical Cancer - A Global Public Health Treatise

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“…HPV testing, using HPV DNA from exfoliated cervical cells, has been proposed based on the evidence of the role of "high-risk" types of HPV (especially HPV- 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 51, 52, and 56) as the etiological agent of cervical cancer [163]. A significant increase in the validity of the available techniques allowed to demonstrate the presence of "highrisk" HPV in a high percentage of both invasive cancers and H-SIL, while the prevalence was low in the healthy population and moderate in L-SIL [164]. The HPV test is always performed on a small sample of cells taken from the cervix, as in the Pap test.…”

Section: Specimen Adequacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Screening of Cervical Cancer

Comparetto¹,

Borruto²

2021

obm genet

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Medical genetics plays an important role in the screening and prevention of numerous diseases. Thus, it is important to develop effective screening and prevention programs and improve the assessment of the susceptibility of diseases. The development of screening and prevention programs depends on the identification of early biomarkers (including functional and behavioral) for the risk and onset of the disease, and such programs need to be designed according to internationally accepted criteria. Cervical cancer represents a very relevant disease from the health and social perspective; around 528,000 new cases are diagnosed every year globally, of which, 85% are from developing countries, representing almost 12% of all cancers in females. Substantial reductions in the incidence of and mortality from cervical cancer have been observed after the introduction of prevention campaigns with the implementation of cervical screening programs through Papanicolaou (Pap) tests and, in particular, following the introduction of organized programs which guarantee a high level of screening coverage, as well as, the quality and continuity of diagnostic-therapeutic procedures. It is estimated that Pap smear screening every 3-5 years provides 80% protection against the onset of cancer. Advances in diagnostic techniques, particularly the development of easy-to-use molecular genetic tests, are replacing the use of the established Pap smear as a screening tool. This is possible owing to the discovery in 1975 that some cellular morphological changes (koilocytosis) were related to the presence of a Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The HPV test is performed on a small sample of cells taken from the cervix, similar to the Pap test; however, it is not a morphological exam but a molecular biology exam that detects the presence of HPV by identifying its deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). The results of numerous experimental studies have demonstrated a greater sensitivity of this test compared to the sensitivity of the traditional Pap test. However, the HPV test has a lower specificity due to two main factors: 1) The HPV test is based on the search for the types of viruses that have a greater oncogenic potential, and 2) It does not discriminate between transient infections and persistent and productive infections. The most widely used molecular tests are based on the search for HPV sequences and genotyping using molecular biology techniques, such as direct hybridization, qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and viral nucleotide sequencing.

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Hypochlorous acid as a disinfectant for high‐risk HPV: Insight into the mechanism of action

Robins

Clark

Gafken

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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Medical instruments that are not autoclavable but may become contaminated with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) during use must be thoroughly disinfected to avoid the possibility of iatrogenic transmission of infection. There is an expectation that prolonged soaking of instruments in the United States Food and Drug Administration-cleared chemical disinfectant solutions will result in high-level decontamination, but HPV16 and HPV18 are known to be resistant to commonly used formulations. However, they are susceptible to a variety of oxidative agents, including those based on chlorine. Here, we tested the efficacy of homogeneous hypochlorous acid (HOCl) solutions against mature infectious virions of HPV16 and HPV18 dried onto butadiene styrene coupons and ultrasonic probes. Both viruses were inactivated to >4 log reduction value (LRV) after 15 s on coupons and 5 min on ultrasonic probes. Morphologic changes became evident within those contact times by transmission electron microscopy when HPV16 virus-like particles were exposed to HOCl under identical conditions. Mass spectrometry analysis of trypsin-digested products of L1 capsid proteins exposed to HOCl showed that mostly conserved residues were modified by oxidation and that these changes rapidly lead to instability of the protein demonstrable on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Modifications to these residues may contribute to rapid virus inactivation. The use of homogeneous HOCl solutions for HPV decontamination provides a highly effective means of assuring the safety of nonautoclavable medical instruments. K E Y W O R D S biochemical analysis, human papillomavirus, mass analysis, research and analysis methods, virus classification 1 | INTRODUCTION Effective inactivation of high-risk strains of human papillomaviruses (HPVs), including 16 and 18, with chemical disinfectants is an important part of controlling their transmission. 1,2 Medical and dental instruments that are not autoclavable between patients are often exposed to chemical solutions with the expectation of high-level disinfection. This is especially true in developing countries where access to plasma sterilization, vaporized peroxide or ultraviolet (UV) chambers, and other means of inactivating contaminating pathogens

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Advances in Targeting HPV Infection as Potential Alternative Prophylactic Means

Cited by 13 publications

References 183 publications

The Importance of the Extracellular Matrix in HPV-Associated Diseases

The Importance of the Extracellular Matrix in HPV-Associated Diseases

Genetic Screening of Cervical Cancer

Hypochlorous acid as a disinfectant for high‐risk HPV: Insight into the mechanism of action

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