“…Differences in preparations, route of dosing frequency and timing of administration after recognition of a haemodynamically significant PDA in very premature infants using various study designs were inconsistent in finding beneficial effects when meta‐analyses of combined studies were reported 7,8 . However, several single‐centre trials did document improvements in reducing pulmonary haemorrhage, severe intraventricular haemorrhage and chronic lung disease in treated infants versus those receiving placebo as reported 5 . In a multicenter exploratory, randomised controlled trial of various pharmacologic agents used for PDA closure versus placebo in 202 very preterm infants (<28 weeks' gestation) of whom 49% were intubated on IMV and 48% required nasal ventilation of CPAP, treated at 6–14 days after birth, no differences in rates of ligation, the presence of PDA at hospital discharge, nor any differences in NEC, BPD, BPD and/or death, or death were found among those receiving pharmacologic closure versus placebo‐treated infants, while the rate of late‐onset neonatal sepsis was increased among treated infants 9 .…”